Imithetho Yokhuseleko yabathengi baseStar
Imithetho emininzi yokukhusela umthengi yenziwa ngokukhawuleza ukuthengisa ngokufanelekileyo okanye ukhuseleko lomkhiqizo. Imithetho yorhwebo yezobuhlanga ifakwe kwi-Federal Trade Commission (FTC). Imithetho yokhuseleko lwemveliso ye-Federal iyanqunyelwa yiKhomishoni yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yabathengi (CPSC).
IMithetho yoRhwebi
Umsebenzi we-Federal Trade Commission ukukhuthaza ukhuphiswano kunye nokukhusela abathengi kwizinto ezikhohlakeleyo, ezikhohlisayo okanye zobuqhetseba kwimarike. I-FTC ihlakulela umgaqo-nkqubo, uqhuba uphando, kwaye ibeka iinkampani eziphula umthetho.
Umthetho we-Federal uyale ukusetyenziswa kweentengiso ezingenamanga okanye ezidukisa abathengi. Nantsi imimiselo yezenzo ngamashishini aphula imithetho yezohwebo.
- Umenzi wefenitsha uthi zonke iimveliso zalo "zenziwa eMelika." Enyanisweni, inkampani ayiyenzi ukuvelisa okanye i-assembly e-US njengoko zonke iimveliso zayo zenziwa e-China.
- Inkampani ithengisa izifundo ze-intanethi, ithembisa ukuba abafundi abagqibeleleyo inkqubo yabo baya kufumana idiploma "yezikolo" eziphakamileyo. Idiploma ayinalutho kuba ingahambelani neemfuno zarhulumente.
- Umenzi wesongezelelo sokutya uthengisa umthwalo wokulahlekelwa kwemithwalo, echaza ukuba imveliso ibonakaliswe ngokuphumelelayo ngokuvavanya. Enyanisweni, loo mveliso ayizange ihlolwe.
Ukuba iFTC ifumana isikhalazo sokuba inkampani iphule umthetho wezorhwebo, iya kuqhuba uphando. Ukuba inquma ukuba umthetho uphuliwe, unokukhupha umyalelo wokuvumela ukuba inkampani ibe yinto yokuzithandela yokuyeka ukuziphatha okungekho mthethweni. Ukuba inkampani iyala, i-FTC ingacela ukuqhubeka ngokusemthethweni phambi kwejaji yomthetho wezolawulo. Ukuba ijaji ivumelana neFTC ukuba umthetho uphuliwe, unokukhupha umyalelo wokuyeka nokuyeka. I shishini eliphula i-oda le-FTC lingaxhomekeke kwisigwebo okanye sinikezwe isigwebo.
IMithetho yoKhuseleko yeMveliso
Amashishini enza iimveliso ezithengiswa kuluntu kufuneka zilandele imigaqo nemimiselo eyenziwe yiKhomishini yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yabathengi (CPSC). I-CPSC imisela iimfuno zokhuseleko lweemveliso, imiba ekhunjulwayo imveliso, ivavanya ukhuseleko lwemveliso, kunye nokukhutshwa kwemveliso ibona ingozi. I-arhente ilawula zonke iimveliso zabathengi ngaphandle kwezibhamu, iziyobisi kunye nezinye izinto ezilawulwa elinye igosa.
Ukuba i-CPSC inquma ukuba imveliso ethile ibeka ingozi ebantwini, inokukhupha isenzo sokunyanzelisa. Umenzi womveliso uya kufuneka ukuba azise uluntu ngengozi aze ahoxise umkhiqizo kwimarike.
Inokuthi iphinde ibe phantsi kwesihlwayo.
Izidingo zezokhuseleko zeCPSC zidibanisa nabanikazi bamashishini abancinci. Ngaloo ndlela, i-arhente yenze i-Small Business Ombudsman ukuba incede iinkampani ezincinci ziqonde ukuba imimiselo yokhuseleko isebenza kubo.
Imithetho yoKhuseleko lwaBathengi baRhulumente
Cishe zonke iindibano ziye zenza imithetho eyanqabela izenzo ezingalunganga kunye neenkohliso ngamashishini abhekisana nabathengi. Le mithetho idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yimithetho ye-UDAP kwaye iyanyanzeliswa ngabameli belizwe jikelele. Umzekelo womthetho we-UDAP ngumThetho wokuLungiswa kweeNkcazo zokuHlulwa koBango , okhusela abathengi be-inshorensi ngokuziphatha okungalunganga ngabaxhasi-mali kwinkqubo yokuhlawula ibango.
Imithetho emininzi ye-UPAD ivumela abathengi ukuba bathethe ishishini ukuba bathenga, baqeshisa okanye baqeshisa impahla okanye iinkonzo ezivela kuloo shishini baze balimala ngenxa yenkqubo engalunganga okanye yokukhohlisa.
Ababango banokumangalela ishishini ngenxa yokulimala umvuzo kunye neentlawulo zeejaji. Isishwankathelo se -state-by-state somthetho we-UDAP sifumaneka kwiwebhusayithi yeSizwe soBathengi beZiko loThengi .
Imizekelo yeZenzo ezithintela izenzo ze-UDAP
Nayi imimiselo yezenzo ezenziwe ngamashishini angaphula izenzo ze-UDAP.
- Umthengisi wemoto esetyenzisiweyo uxelela umthengi ukuba isithuthi kwisabelo sawo asizange senze ingozi kwaye sisemgangathweni. Enyanisweni, i-auto iyisithuthi sokusasaza kunye nesakhelo esineqhekeza.
- Ikontraka inika umninikhaya inombolo yelayisenisi yakhe kunye nenqubomgomo yomgaqo-nkqubo we-inshorensi yakhe yemfanelo kunye ne-inshurensi yembuyekezo . Zonke iinombolo ziyinyumba njengoko inkontileka engenayo ilayisenisi okanye i-inshurensi.
- Umqeshwa woshishino lokulungisa ikhompyutha uxelela umthengi ukuba zonke iifayile kwi laptop yakhe zitheleleke ngentsholongwane. Uqinisekisa umthengi ukuba ahlawule i-$ 150 kwi-software ephezulu yokulwa ne-virus. Umqeshwa wokulungisa ikhompyutha uyazi ukuba i-laptop yomthengi ayinayo intsholongwane.
Iziqinisekiso zemveliso
Uninzi lwamashishini enza iimveliso zinika iwaranti kubathengi. Iwaranti isisithembiso. Ichaza oko umenzi oza kwenzayo xa loo mveliso iphosakele. Iziqinisekiso zingabonakalisa (ezibhaliweyo okanye ngomlomo) okanye zichazwe. Umthetho we-Federal ulawula iziqinisekiso ezinobhaliso xa imithetho yelizwe ilawula i-warranties.
Iziqinisekiso ezibhalwayo
Umthetho wase-Federal awudingi ukuba abakhiqizi banikezele iwaranti ebhaliweyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba abakhiqizi bakhetha ukunikezela enye, iwaranti kufuneka ihlangabezane neemfuneko zomthetho. Okokuqala, ububanzi bewaranti (epheleleyo okanye obuthathaka) kufuneka bachazwe ngokucacileyo. Ukongeza, iwaranti kufuneka ibe lula ukuyiqonda kwaye ifumaneka ngokukhawuleza ngexesha lokuthengwa kwemveliso. Amashishini angatyala ngabaxhasi ngokukhupha imirhurenti yamanga okanye ekhohlisayo okanye ukungaphumeleli ukufezekisa uxanduva lwabo phantsi kwewaranti.
Iziqinisekiso
Xa umvelisi uthengisa umkhiqizo kumthengi, ngokubanzi unikeza iziqinisekiso ezimalunga ezimbini:
- Ukuthengiswa . Umenzi uqinisekisa ukuba umkhiqizo awunasici kwaye uza kwenza oko okumele kwenziwe. Ngokomzekelo, isomisi somboya siya kutshaya umoya oshisayo.
- UkuQinisekisa ngeNjongo ekhethekileyo . Umvelisi uqinisekisa ukuba umkhiqizo ufanelekile ngenjongo ethile ekuthengiswe ngayo. Ngokomzekelo, umthengi uthengisa i-Model X yokucoca i-vacuum cleaner ngoba umthengisi uyamqinisekisa ukuba uya kulisa iinwele zeenja.
Umenzi angahlawuliswa ngumthengi wemveliso ngokuphula umthetho iwaranti. Uninzi lubeka umyalelo omncinci (emine) omfutshane (iminyaka emine) yemingcele kwizogwetho ezisekelwe ekuchaseni iwaranti (nokuba ibonisa okanye ichazwa).