I-culvert iyisakhiwo sokuhambisa amanzi esiphezulu kunye esipheleleyo esisebenza phantsi kwendlela okanye inxalenye yomhlaba. Ubungakanani kunye nohlobo lwe-culvert lixhomekeke kumlinganiselo wamanzi ahambayo, indawo ekhuphayo kunye nendlela ekujonge ngayo i-culvert. Amanye amaqhinga angakhonza njengendawo yokuhamba kwendlela, kodwa baya kuqhubeka behambisa amanzi ngepayipi okanye kumzila. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukhetho kunye nohlobo lwamaxabiso luxhomekeke kwiindleko zokuthelekiswa, indawo yesakhiwo, ukufumaneka kwabasebenzi abanezakhono, ukukhawulelwa kwexesha kunye noyilo olucetywayo.
01 - Iintlobo zeChupta: Ibhokisi lokuChupha
02 - Iintlobo zeCulverts: I-Arch Culvert
I-arch culvert ngokuqhelekileyo i-culvert iphantsi. Ivumela ukuba zifakwe ngaphandle kokuphazamisa umzila wezithuthi njengoko ziya kuhamba ngaphaya komhlaba wonke. Ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe zetsimbi, izakhiwo zamatye okanye iRCC . Zifakelwe lula, kwaye akudingeki ukuba usebenzise izakhiwo zokuguqulwa kwamanzi ezininzi ukuyifaka. Imilo eqhelekileyo ibandakanya i-arch esicircular, i-elliptical arch kunye neebhokisi zekhonkri. Enye inzuzo yolu hlobo lwesakhiwo kukuba inkqubo yokufakela ingathathi ixesha elininzi, xa kuthelekiswa neebhokisi zamasiko.
03 - Iintlobo zeCulvert: Iibhobho
Iibhobho zeepayipi zifumaneka kwiimo ezihlukeneyo ezifana nesetyhula, i-elliptical kunye neepayipi. Nangona iipayipi zetyhula zixhaphakileyo, ezinye iimoko zingasetyenziselwa kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zendawo kunye nemithintelo kwindawo yomsebenzi. Amaxabiso abo akhuphisana kakhulu, kwaye kulula kakhulu ukufaka. Njengoko kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-culvert, ukukhethwa kwe-culvert kuya kuxhomekeka kwi-design hydraulic kunye nezinye izinto ezinokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwazo nokufaneleka. yinto ekhethiweyo kwiindawo ezisemadolobheni kwaye yinto eqhelekileyo isetyenziselwa ukulawula iinkqubo zokuthuthwa kwamanzi.
I-04 - Ukufakwa kweCulvert kunye neZiluleko zokukhetha
Xa ukhetha uhlobo lwenkcazo efanelekileyo kwiprojekthi yakho, kuya kufuneka uqikelele oku kulandelayo:
- I-culvert kufuneka ifakwe kwizinga eliphezulu kunye nebanga lokukhusela iingxaki zokukhukhula.
- Ukugcinwa kwamachule avaliweyo kunokuba yingxaki kwaye kuya kuba nzima kunokuba ixesha lihamba. Iindleko zokugcinwa kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngexesha lokukhetha.
- I-inlet kunye ne-outlet ye-culvert kufuneka yenziwe ngokucwangcisiweyo kwaye ifakwe. Iimpazamo ezithintekayo yindlela eyona ndlela isebenzayo ngayo. Iiphelo ezitshintshileyo ziya kuvumela ukuhamba okufanelekileyo kwaye ziya kuququzelela inkqubo yokuhamba.
- Ukugqatswa kuphelile kwi-outlet ye-culvert kunokunciphisa okanye kukuthintele ukukhwaza.
- Kunconywa ukuba ufake i-rap-raps okanye isakhiwo esifanayo ukukhusela ukukhutshwa kwintsipho ekuphumeni kwe-culvert.
- Izinto eziphathekayo ezichanekileyo ziya kusetyenziswa ukubuyisela emuva emacaleni, ngaphantsi nangaphezulu kwirepta xa kuyimfuneko. Ulungelelwano oluchanekileyo luyakuthintela ukuguguleka kwaye luyakhusela i-culvert ngokwayo.
- Xa kunokwenzeka, faka ama-culverts kwizinto zemvelo ezidityanisiweyo kuzo zonke iindlela.
- Cinga ngeendlela eziza kuqhuba ukuqhuba ukuqhubela phambili kwi-cucvert kunye nokuba kuya kufakwa kangakanani. Ngamanye amaxesha ama-culverts aya kuwa xa engayilwanga kakuhle.
- Iindleko zokufakela kunye nezixhobo ezikhoyo kufuneka zihlale zibalulekile ukuba ziqwalaselwe ngaphambi kokukhetha okulungileyo.
05 - Okunye ukuqwalaselwa Xa ufake iiCulverts
Emva kokuba usuqumile uhlobo lwenkcazo oza kuyisebenzisa, qi ni sekise ukuba zonke iimvume zokusingqongileyo zifike ngoku. Qinisekisa ukuba zonke iimfuno ze-NPDES zidibene kunye nokuba izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ziyafumaneka ukufaka i-culvert, ukuyibuyisela kwakhona kwaye ihambelane nomhlaba ngee-specs zobunjineli.