I-Toolkit ye-Techniques
Le mfuno ivela ngokukodwa kubaxhasi kunye nabanikezeli- mali, njengeziseko. Ngelishwa, amaninzi angenzi nzuzo angenayo idatha ejolise ekuboniseni ukuba iziphumo zabo zifanelekile ukuxhasa.
Le nyaniso iyamangalisa xa ucinga ngako. Kodwa ke ngoko, izibonelelo ziye zaxakeke kakhulu ekunikezeni iinkqubo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zithemba nje ukuba i-band-aids ziyasebenza kwimisebenzi yoluntu.
Kodwa nangona incinci engenzi-nzuzo ivile ukubizwa ngokugxininisa ngakumbi kwiziphumo zokulinganisa, ukunika ingxelo, nokucaca . Nangona kunjalo, indlela yokwenza oku sele idla ngokufihlakeleyo okanye isasazeke ukusuka apha ukuya apho.
Yilapho le ncwadi ingena khona. Yiyo yeBhokisi yeZiphumo zeZiphumo ezingenziNzuzo. Isikhokelo esigqibeleleyo soPhumelelo lweNkqubo, ukuPhathwa kweNtsebenzo, kunye neziphumo , uRobert M. Penna, Ph.D., uJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011.
Nangona i-"Ibhokisi leThuluzi" ngoku liyiminyaka embalwa ubudala, iyaqhubeka iyona msebenzi ogqithiseleyo nangona kunjalo ukuba ukungenzi nzuzo kungakuxhasa njani ngokuthe ngempumelelo ngokulinganisa nokunika iziphumo.
Ukuxininiswa nobubanzi beencwadi, kodwa kwakhona ndandiphazamiseka ngamaphepha angama-350, ndazibuza ukuba ndingayenza njani incinci engenzi-nzuzo ukutyalomali kwisibonelelo esinokusixhasa esinokusebenza njengayo yonke inkqubo ekulawuleni iziphumo.
Ndaphendukela kuDkt. Penna ngemibuzo ethile. Nantsi isishwankathelo sodliwano-ndlebe.
Isikhokelo esingenzi-nzuzo: Ukugxila kwiziphumo kungenelwa njani ncinane encinci? Ziziphi iziphumo ezinokubakho kweziphumo ezingenzi-nzuzo ezixesha kunye nezibonelelo ezixutywe?
I-Penna: Inzuzo enkulu kunazo zonke zeziphumo ezingenakuncitshiso ezincinci zivela kulwazi lento, phakathi kwemizamo yabo, isebenza ngokwenene kwaye ikwazi ngokuchanekileyo ukuba ezi zinto zisebenza kakuhle kangakanani. Nangona nayiphi na inhlangano iya kuzuza kulolu hlobo lwengcaciso, kubaluleke kakhulu kwimibutho encinci, encinci efanelekileyo efunekayo eyenza yonke idola, nganye iiyure zabasebenzi bexesha. Ezi zinzuzo zidlala njani? Ngeendlela ezimbini:
- Ukukwazi oko kusebenza kuvumela inhlangano ukuba igxininise ininzi yezibonelelo zayo kule mizamo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ngexesha lokucutswa kwenziwa kwenkxaso ngemithombo eyahlukeneyo. Kwimeko apho imibutho emincinci idinga ukukhawuleza kwimisebenzi yayo, njani isigqibo sokuba kuphi ukunciphisa izithembiso zokubakho ukungabikho kolwazi oluqinileyo malunga nokusebenza komzamo omnye okanye omnye?
Yonke imibutho, nokuba yincinci, idinga ukwazi indlela iinkqubo kunye namanyathelo azenza ngayo, kwaye indlela engcono yokufeza oko kukusebenzisa isakhelo sesiphumo esenza iithagethi kunye neenkqubo zokuqhubela phambili ukufikelela kuzo. Ukungabikho kwalokhu, ezininzi zihlala ziqikelele;- Ngexesha apho abaninzi abatsha-mali abatsha-ntlalo, abantu, amaziko kunye noorhulumente, bacela ubungqina bentsebenzo ekunikeni izibonelelo zabo, imibutho emincinci ayinakukwazi ukuxhomekeka kwiimfuno zendabuko zenkxaso, ezininzi zazo zisekelwe kubukhulu ingxaki okanye imfuneko yokuqwalaselwa, okanye nokuba nzima kangakanani ukuba inhlangano isebenze.
Nangona ezi ndlela zisebenzisiwe kwixesha elidlulileyo, njengoko iimpembelelo zeziphumo zisasaza abo abangenayo ubungqina bentsebenzo baya kuqhubeka bekhohlo emva. Yongeza kule nto ukuba iinkonzo zokulinganisa ezifana neCharity Navigator ziya kwiiplati zokuvavanya ezibandakanya ukusebenza okanye icandelo leempembelelo.
Ukongezelela, uphando olutsha lwangoku luye lwabonisa ukuba ukusebenza kombutho yinto ebalulekileyo abaxhasi abanomdla ngayo , kwaye kuyacaca ukuba, kwiminyaka embalwa, iziphumo ziya kuba ngumgangatho ongenakwenziwa yizinto ezingenzi-nzuzo.Imibutho emincinci ayikwazi ukukwazi ukushiya emva kokuba ezinye iicandelo lihamba ngokungenakuxhomekeka kwiziphumo; eso senzeko siza kubenza kube nzima nakakhulu ukungalungi phantsi kwabo baninzi baqhuba ngoku
Isikhokelo esingenziNzuzo : Ukuba ukungenzi nzuzo kwafuneka ukhethe enye okanye ezimbini izinto ukuphumeza kwincwadi yakho, uyincoma ntoni?
I-Penna: Impendulo yalo mbuzo ixhomekeke kakhulu apho loo ntlangano ingaba isetyenziswa ngayo iziphumo sele zikhona. Ukuba sonke isihloko sesiphumo sisitsha, okanye sisenokudideka kakhulu kumbutho kunye nabasebenzi bayo, ngeendlela zonke ndibonisa ukuba baqala ekuqaleni kwaye bafumana izahluko ezine zokuqala phantsi kweebhanti zabo.
Kwintlangano eqondayo iziseko zeziphumo, isigama sabo, kunye nendlela yokuchonga iinjongo eziphambili, eziza kuzinza, ndingacebisa ukuba ziqale ngeNgxenye yesiBili yale ncwadi. Ukusebenza neziPhumo. UCwangciso (iSahluko 5), ukuVavanywa koKwazi (iSahluko 6), kunye nokulandelela (iSahluko 7) kuya kuba yindawo apho ndiza kuphakamisa khona. Imibutho ephezulu ngakumbi inokuzuza kwiiNgxenye ezintathu kunye nezine.
Konke okuthethi, Inxalenye yesiBili ngokwenene yintliziyo yencwadi kwaye yilo candelo ndiza kubonisa ukuba zininzi imibutho, ukuba ixesha labo kunye nezibonelelo zingaphelelanga, gxininisa.
Isikhokelo esingenzi-nzuzo: Iziphumo zokulawula zingancedisa njani inzuzo engenzi-nzuzo iphakamisa imali engaphezulu kubaxhasi kunye nabanikezeli- mali?
I-Penna: Abaxhasi bazo zonke iintlobo kunye nemivimbo bafuna ngokukhawuleza izibonakaliso zokusebenza nokusebenza. Oku kunjalo ngokukodwa ngabaxhasi banikela ngaphezu kwama-$ 100.
Xa ukunikezelwa komntu kubangaphezu kweemali ezilinganiselwe, ezivame ukunikezwa ngesiseko semvakalelo, enye imilinganiselo yempembelelo iya kuba yimfuneko. Ukulawulwa kweziphumo kuyimfuneko nakubuncinane abangenzi-nzuzo ukuhlala kumdlalo.Kodwa, nangona iincinci ezingenzi nzuzo zingenza iimeko ezinyanzelisayo zenkxaso ukuba zinobungqina bempembelelo yazo. Ngokwesiko, kwaye ngokukodwa kwiintlobo ezincinci, ezingenzi-nzuzo zendawo, oku kwakungekho mfuneko. Ukuba ugxininiso lwengingqi, kwaye abaxhasi babengendawo, konke okufunekayo kukuthi "Nantsi ingxaki, uyazi konke, kwaye sizama ukukunceda ukuyixazulula."
Kulo qoqosho lwangoku, nangona kunjalo, nangona lolu hlobo lwesibheno luba nzima. Ingaba inkunzi engenzi nzuzo ifuna imali kwi sixeko okanye kwisiqithi, ukusuka kwisiseko sendawo, kwintlangano efana ne-diocese yendawo, ibhunga lobugcisa, okanye i-United Way, izibonelelo ziyanqongophala kwaye ukhuphiswano lunzima kunanini ngaphambili.
Njengoko ubukhulu babo buncinci kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kugxininiswe ngokufanelekileyo, iincinci ezingenzi-nzuzo zidla ngokusondele ngakumbi kwiimeko ezizithethayo kunokuba zizinzala zabo ezinkulu, eziqhelekileyo ezixhamlayo. Le meko, apho ba kufuphi nabo bakhonzayo, basebenzisana nabaxhasi abambalwa, kwaye banemibono engakumbi kwizinto ezintle kunye neempembelelo ezimbi kuluntu, banokubanika inzuzo ekhethekileyo xa kuziwa ekufumaneni ubungqina befuthe labo.
Nangona kunjalo-kwaye oku kuyinto enkulu "nangona kunjalo." Kwakhona kuthetha ukuba kufuneka bahlele iithagethi ezifanelekileyo, baqoke ulwazi olufanelekileyo, baze bagweme ngokuqhelekileyo "bazive beendaba ezilungileyo" ezijolise kwiinkwenkwezi okanye kwimeko. Izibonelelo kufuneka zifunde ukuxelela amabali abo ngendlela engabonakali nje ukungabikho kwengxaki.
Ulawulo lweziphumo akumele lube yinto enzima kakhulu yokungenzi nzuzo. Iqala ngokuchonga nokubeka iinjongo ezifanelekileyo, nokubonisa abo ngokwemiqathango yokuba wonke umntu, ubunkokeli, abasebenzi kunye nabachaphazelekayo, bayaziqonda.
Isinyathelo sokuqala esingenzi-nzuzo kukuchonga izikhombisi eziza kubaxelela ngexesha lokwenene nokuba zihamba ngendlela okanye hayi. Emva koko wenze izilungiso zekhosi xa ubungqina bubonisa ukuba kuyimfuneko. Kwaye ngokubonisa impumelelo ngendlela abaphulaphuli abayayiqonda ngayo, kwaye kubonisa ukuba luxabiseke ngokwenene kwinto eyenziwa yintlangano.Ayithathi ikhompyutha ephezulu, isofthiwe ebiza kakhulu, okanye iqela eliphezulu elixabisekileyo labahlalutyi. Kunoko, kuthatha ukuzibophelela kobunkokheli ukwenza oku, ulwazi lweziseko, kunye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshwe kumanyathelo okuqala.
Izibheno malunga nenkxaso yezemali ezakhiwe kwisiseko esisemgangathweni sokusebenza ngokubalulekayo kukubalulekileyo ekuzinzileyo kwezinto ezingenzi-nzuzo, ezinkulu kunye ezincinci. Kukho iinkqubo ezininzi, ezininzi zazo ezincinci kwaye zingabalulekanga kakuhle, eziye zaphumelela kakhulu ekusebenziseni iziphumo zokufaka ubungqina bokuphucula imali yabo. Kungenziwa!
Isikhokelo esingenzi-nzuzo: Incwadi yidlo elihle kakhulu elincinci elingenakunconywa elixesha kunye nezixhobo ezixutywe. Sifanele sifike njani kwindlela evelele kakhulu?
I-Penna: Le ncwadi yenzelwe ukuba imibutho iqale ekuqaleni kwaye isebenze indlela yabo, ngeyure yabo, ukusuka kwiingcamango ezilula ukuya phezulu. Bayakwazi ukujongana nezahluko ezifanayo njengendlela yokuzimela ngokuzimeleyo kwizifundo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Le ncwadi injongo yokuba iphelele. Kodwa nje ngokuba ngokuqhelekileyo umntu akayifunde i-encyclopedia ekhuselekileyo ekugqibeleni kwixesha elide, iBhokisi ibhetele isetyenziswe kakuhle njengesixhobo sokufumana iimpendulo zokunyanzelisa ngokukhawuleza.
Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba yintoni umehluko phakathi "iziphumo" kunye "neziphumo" okanye indlela yokuxubusha iziphumo zakho, xa waziwa, kubaxhasi bakho, ngoko ndicinga ukuba le yincwadi yakho.
Iibhokisi zeeBhokisi zenziwe ngokucophelela, zisebenzisa ulwimi olulula ukuluqonda, ezininzi izifundo kunye nemizekelo, kunye nokuzivocavoca okunqumle iingcamango ezinzima kakhulu ukuya kubukhulu. Njengoko iPenna ibonisa, akuyona incwadi oyidlayo kwiintlanganiso ezimbalwa, kodwa mhlawumbi ibe yinto efunwayo.
UKen Berger, owayenguMongameli kunye ne-CEO ye-Charity Navigator, wabhala intshayelelo encwadini, kwaye ubeka ithemba lokuba sonke singenzi nzuzo kwaye siya kuphendula ngakumbi:
"UDkt. U-Penna kunye ndibabini siphupha iphupha lokuba, ngenxa yalezi zixhobo, ngolunye usuku iinjongo ezingenzi nzuzo ezingenako nzuzo ziza kufumana ubuninzi bezotyalo-mali ngexesha kunye nobutyebi bentlalo yethu ... .Izifundo zibalulekile, kodwa ngaphandle kwedatha ukuzibuyisela , azinanto ezingenanto kwisimo esiphezulu sokutshintsha ihlabathi lethu ukuba libe ngcono. "Qinisekisa ukujonga iblogi yePenna.