Eli nqaku liza kuchaza ukuba la magama athetha ukuthini kwaye kutheni oku kuthetha ukuba kubalulekile.
Iimihlaba
Uninzi lweepropati zepropati zorhwebo zisebenzisa igama elithi "umhlaba" kodwa bambalwa abachaza ixesha . Uyazi njani ukuba luphi uhlobo lwesiganeko esenza i-landslide?
Xa abagcini bemigaqo-nkqubo kunye nabatshutshisi bengavumelani nentsingiselo yemigangatho engachazwanga kwiikontraki zinshorensi, inkundla ihlala isebenzisa izichaso ezisekwe kwintetho yangaphambili yenkundla. Ukuba akukho zigqibo zangaphambili ezenziwe, inkundla inokuthembela kwiingcaciso ezifanayo zesichazi magama. Isichazamazwi seMerriam-Webster sichaza ukuma komhlaba njengendawo enkulu yamatye kunye nomhlaba ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokukhawuleza uhamba phantsi kwintaba okanye intaba.
Ukunyuka komhlaba kuvela kuzo zonke i-50 ngokutsho kwe-US Geological Survey (USGS). I-USGS ithi izizathu ezintathu ezibalulekileyo:
- I-Geological Slides ibangelwa ziimpawu zeeslayidi ngokwabo. Ngokomzekelo, amatye angayilalisa ngenxa yokuba ayibuthakathaka okanye aphelile.
- Iimilayidi zemiSebenzi zenzeke ukuba isakhiwo sodwala okanye umhlaba sitshintshiswe yiqhwa, imvula, iqhwa eliqhaqhaqhayo, umlilo (osusa izityalo), iziqhumane, iinyikima okanye ezinye izinto.
- Ukucwanwa kwabantu, ukumbiwa kwezimayini, ukungena, ukunkcenkceshela kunye neminye imisebenzi yabantu kungabangela ukuhamba kwamanzi.
Uninzi lwehlabathi luya kwenzeka emva kokuba i-slope izaliswe ngamanzi kwimvula okanye ikhephu eliqhaqhayo (iimbangela zesakhiwo).
Imvula eninzi kakhulu yinto ebalulekileyo kwisilayidi se-Oso.
Uluhlaza
Njengaye "umhlaba", igama elithi "mudflowflow" libonakala kwiinkqubo ezininzi zepropati zorhwebo kodwa azinqabile zichazwe. Nangona kunjalo, eli gama lichazwe kwiNkqubo yeNkcazo yoMshuwalense oMgangatho osetyenziswa kwiNkqubo yeNkcitho kaNkcazo kaZwelonke (NFIP). Umgaqo-mkhukula uchaza "i-mudflow" njengomlambo wamanzi kunye nodaka olujikelezayo kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo zomhlaba owomileyo, njengokuba umhlaba uphathwa ngamanzi angoku.
Inkcazo ye "mudflow" kumgaqo we-NFIP ingabandakanyi i-landslide, ukuhluleka kwethambeka, kunye nezinye iintlobo zokuhamba komhlaba. Umgaqo-nkqubo uthi kwakhona "i-mudflow" ayibandakanyi umhlaba ogcweleyo ohambayo kunye nohlahlo oluphantsi kwethambeka.
Uthini umahluko phakathi "komlambo wodaka olutywala" kunye "nobunzima bomhlaba obugcweleyo"? Impendulo inxulumene nomlinganiselo wamanzi umxube uqulethe. Ukuze ufaneleke njengomdaka, umxube womhlaba kunye namanzi kufuneka ube ngumbane. Ubunzima bomdaka obunqumlayo entabeni ayikho "umlambo wodaka oludaka." Ngaloo ndlela, ayifanelekanga njenge-mudflow.
Mudslide
Njengo "mudflowflow", igama elithi "indslide" lisetyenziswe kwimigaqo-nkqubo yepropati eninzi kodwa i-term ayichazwa. Ifom yomgaqo-nkqubo esetyenziselwa kwiprogram ye-flooderal isenza ukuba kungabikho ukukhankanywa kwe-mudslide.
Ngokutsho kwe-USGS, "i-mudslide" iyigama elingaqhelekanga. Isetyenziswe ngabadlali kunye neendaba eziphathekayo ukuba zibhekise kwiintlobo zeziganeko ezibandakanya iziganeko zomhlaba kunye nezikhukula ezixutywe ngamatye. Isichazamazwi seMerriam-Webster sichaza "i-mudslide" njengomlinganiselo omkhulu womhlaba omanzi ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokukhawuleza uhamba phantsi kwintaba okanye intaba.
Qaphela ukuba isiganeko esibizwa ngokuba "i-mudslide" singakufanelekela ukukhutshwa phantsi komgaqo-mkhukula xa idibana nencazelo "ye-mudflow". Okokuthi, ukuba umnini-mvume unika ibango lomonakalo obangelwa ngodaka oludityanisiweyo, umonakalo ungabhekiswa nangona umgcini-mgaqo-nkqubo ubhekisela kwisizathu "njenge-mudslide".
I-inshurensi yeeRhwebo
I-Mudflowflow, i-mudslide, kunye ne-landslide zikhuphe ngaphandle kweengozi phantsi kweenkqubo ezininzi zepropati zorhwebo. Kweminye imigaqo-nkqubo, zonke iingozi zintathu zidweliswe phantsi kokungeniswa okuthi "ukunyakaza komhlaba." Kweminye imigaqo ye-mudflow kunye ne-mudslide ayibandakanyiweyo kunye nesikhukhula (okanye amanzi) .
Incazelo "yekhukula" kumgaqo-nkqubo wezondlo uququzelela "i-mudflow". Njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla, "udonga" alubandakanyi zombini i-landslide kunye nodaka ongekho kwindawo ephosiweyo.