I-Beijing National Stadium - edlalwa ngokuba yi-Bird's Nest Stadium - ithatha iminyaka emihlanu ukugqiba kwaye yakhiwa ngeetoni ezingama-42 000 zensimbi, eyenza ibe yinto enkulu yesakhiwo kwihlabathi.
I-Bird's Nest Stadium Facts
- Ubukhulu: 69.2m (227 iinyawo)
- Ubude: 330m (1082 iinyawo)
- Ububanzi: 220m (721 iinyawo)
- I-Steel yasetyenziselwa ukwakha i-Shell yangaphandle: ~ 42,000 itoni
- Ubunzima beeMpahla zoKwakha (kubandakanywa isitya se-concrete): ~ 110,000 toni
- Ukuhlala kwisikhundla: 80,000-91,000
- Uyilo lobomi: iminyaka eyi-100
- I-Architecture Eqinile: Herzog & de Meuron
Uyilo
Ukulinganisa ubude beemitha ezingama-330, ububanzi obungamamitha angama-220 kunye ne-69.2 yamitha ubude, ukuyila kwe-stadium ye-Bird's Nest design design kusekelwe kwiikholamu ezingama-24, ezilinganisa iitoni ezili-1000 nganye. Ngenxa yobunzima bayo, akukho khonkco eyayinamandla ngokwaneleyo ukuphakamisa iikholomu endaweni apho ukwakhiwa kwegobolondo yangaphandle yentsimbi yenzeka ngowama-2005. Ngenxa yoko, iikholomu zithunyelwa kwiindawo ukuya eBeijing kwaye zihlanganiselwe kwindawo. Emva kokuba zonke iikholomu ezingama-24 zisekhona, iifolo ezincinci zazifakwe phakathi kwendawo yokunika isakhiwo amandla amakhulu nokuphucula ukubonakala kwendlela ebonakalayo, elliptical appearance. Ekugqibeleni, isethi yesithathu semithi yongezwa ukwenzela ukuxhoma i-membrane ebonakalayo ebonakalayo, eyenza ukuphahla phakathi kweentsimbi zensimbi.
Ngexesha loyilo lweprojekthi, iqumrhu laseSwitzerland lombutho u-Herzog & de Meuron, kunye namaqabane abo I-Arup kunye neChina yoCwangciso loPhando kunye neCandelo loPhando, lalinemiba emininzi yokujongana nesikhalazo se-staest of stadium. Enye ingxaki ebalulekileyo kukuba ingaba, endaweni enye, iitoni ezingama-42,000 zensimbi ezifunekayo ukwakha isakhiwo ziya kukwazi ukuxhasa ubunzima bayo, okanye nokuba ziya kuqubuka emva kweenqwelo zenkxaso-78 ezisetyenziswe ngexesha lokwakha.
Urhulumente wengingqi ufune ukuba i-stadium design ikwazi ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba kwe-8.0.
Njengokuba le miba yayingenakunzima, abaqulunqi kunye neenjineli kwafuneka bahlale bekhumbula ingqalelo yokunyuka kwamafutha, oko kukunyaniseka kwensimbi yokwandisa kunye nekhontrakthi njengoko iqondo lokushisa liguquka. EBeijing, apho ukushisa kunokungena kwi-30 ° C ehlobo ukuya kwi -20 ° C ebusika, akukho nto ingqalelo. Ukujongana nale miba emithathu yobunjineli iqela loyilo lisebenzisana nabakhiqizi bezityalo baseTshayina iBasteel and Wuhan Iron & Steel ukuphuhlisa amabakala amatshini ensimbi eya kuhlangana namandla kunye nezimo eziguquguqukayo zeprojekthi.
Ngokutsho kweLin Shuguang, uMphathi-Jikelele we-Baosteel, iinyanga ezintathu zophando zaholela ekuvelweni kwensimbi entsha kunye ne-phosphor ephantsi ne-low-sulphur content, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Q35. I-Q35 yintsimbi ekhuni kakhulu enokukwazi ukunyamezela ukuxinezeleka ukuya kuma-35 x 106 ama-pascals. Oku kuya kubaluleka ekwakhiweni kwamakholomu angama-24, apho ngalinye lalingamamitha angama-300 ubude kwaye kulindeleke ukuba lincedise umthwalo wama-11 200 amathani. Iqela le-Iron kunye neNsimbi yaseWuhan lenza ibakala lesibini lensimbi eya kuyenza inxalenye yecala yegobolondo, ebizwa ngokuba ngu-Q460.
I-Q460 inike amandla amakhulu, kodwa iguquguqukayo, insimbi yokuxhasa i-trusses kwaye iqinisekise ukuba igobolondo yezemidlalo ayiyi kuba yi-heptare yentsimbi ye-42,000.
Ukwakhiwa
Noko ke, amatsha amandla, aphakamileyo, anikezela iingxaki zabo ngexesha lokwakha, njengoko kwakudingeka ukushisa okuqhelekileyo okuqhelekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo kwiindawo eziphezulu kakhulu. Ukunyuselwa, ngaphezu koko, kunokuqhutyelwa kuphela kumaqondo okushisa ka-15-16 ° C, oko kwakuthetha ukuba abasebenzi bafanele bakhuphe ngexesha lokuhlwa. Ngo-Agasti ka-2006, i-welders ezingaphezu kwama-400 zasebenza ezintathu ukuhlwa ebusuku ukuze zidibanise iikhilomitha ezili-320 zokumisa iifestile ezifunekayo ukuze zidibanise i-iconic, i-latticed frame frame.
NgoSeptemba ka-2006, isakhiwo sasiyilungele ukuma ngokwaso kunye neenqwelo zenkxaso-78 zasuswa omnye ngomnye phambi kweqhinga lokwakha kunye neqela lokwakha, ukushiya isakhiwo sonke simele sisodwa.
Njengomkhumbi we-Eiffel, iNdle Bird ayizange ibe naso isabelo sayo sokugxekwa, ngokukodwa ngenxa yendlela yokuziphatha engeyona yendabuko nokubonakala kwayo. Nangona kunjalo, uye waba ngumqondiso onamandla weChina yanamhlanje kunye nobuchule bokubunjinela uluntu.