Ibhanki zorhwebo zigcinwe kwiSebe leenkonzo zezezimali.
Amaziko anobungcali kunye neemanyano zeentengo zemali zifana neentengiso ezizodwa, ekuhambeni kwexesha, zandise imigangatho yazo yezoshishino ukukhuphisana kangcono kwizabelo zentengiso.
Nangona ngezinye iinkqubo iintengo zeentengo zemboleko zibhekwa njengeziko elikhuselekileyo, kukho ulwahlulo olubalulekileyo: inshorensi yokubeka imali. Iingcipheko kunye neebhanki zorhwebo zihlanganiswe yi-FDIC, iimanyano zeentengo zemboleko zigqitywa yi-NCUA, nangona zombini zihlanganiswe kumda ofanayo nakwiziko lezemali.
Amacandelo amaziko
Iziko elikhuselekileyo liziko lezemali eliqulunqwe ngokukodwa ukuba lamkele umrhumo wabathengi kunye nokwenza imali yokuhlala. Ukutshatyalaliswa ngokuqhelekileyo kumancinci, amaziko angingqi kwaye akanakho ukufikelela okanye izibonelelo zebhanki enkulu yesizwe. Iintlobo eziphambili zeziko elikhuselekileyo ziibhanki kunye kunye kunye nokugcinwa kwemali.
Amaziko athile ahlala ehlawula ngaphezulu kwizabelo (inzala) kunamacandelo emali emveli kunye nokufikelela kwiimali eziphantsi kweendleko ezivela kwimibutho efana ne-Federal Home Loan Banks.
Amaziko afanelekileyo ajoliswe ngakumbi kuluntu kunamanye amaziko eemali kwaye athambekele ekujoliseni ngakumbi kubathengi kunamashishini. Ngokomthetho, i-thrifts kufuneka ibe ne-65% yephothifoliyo yabo yokuboleka eboshwe kwiimboleko zabathengi. Ekubeni iinkonzo zezezimali ziye zahlulwa ngokunyanzeliswa, amaziko aphuhlisayo akwazi ukunikela iinkonzo ezininzi kumashishini, nangona kunjalo.
Iifrifts zinikela abathengi abaninzi kwiimveliso ezifanayo ze-deposit onokuzifumana kwi-bhanki, njengokujonga i-akhawunti, i-akhawunti yokulondoloza, kunye nezatifikethi zokufaka idiphozithi, kunye nemveliso yemboleko njengekhaya kunye nemali-mboleko yemali kunye namakhadi-mboleko.
Imbali
Amaziko athile aqala ukuvula phakathi kokutshintsha kwezoqoqosho kunye nokuhlaselwa kwezenzo zentlalo kwi-Industrial Revolution. Inzuzo ayizange ibe yinkxalabo yabo. Injongo yabo ephambili kukunika abantu abasebenzayo indawo ekhuselekileyo yokubeka eceleni imali "yosuku lwemvula." Uninzi lwalusekelwe kwaye lulawulwa ngabantu abasebenzela uluntu abaye baqonda iindlela zezimali kwaye babenomdla wokunceda abantu abasebenzayo .
Izigidi zabantu baseMerika emva kwemfazwe zathengwa amakhaya aneemboleko ezivela kwiifrifts; Ngesinye isikhathi emva kwemfazwe, babesenza uninzi lwemali ye-mortgage e-US Eyatshintshile ngokuchithwa kweenkonzo zenkxaso-mali, elandelwa ngotyuko lwee-1980.
Inzuzo
Ukusuka kumbono wabathengi, i-thrifts inenzuzo enkulu kwiibhanki: inzala ephezulu kubagcini bemali.
Ukuqwalasela
Le mihla, imizila phakathi kweengcipheko kunye neebhanki eziqhelekileyo ziye zaphazamiseka. Amashishini okulondolozwa kunye nokubolekisa ngemali aqhubela phambili ekubolekeni ngoshishino kunye nokwakhiwa, kwaye inani elikhulayo liguqula kwiibhanki eziqhelekileyo.
Kwakhona, ezininzi ezintle iingxaki ezisetyenziselwa ukufumana, kubandakanywa nomgaqo ongqongqo, zipheliswe ngaphezu kweminyaka, ngoku kutshanje ngumthetho wokuguqula imali we-Dodd-Frank. Iyinkampani ngokubanzi ngokudibeneyo. Ukutshatyalaliswa kunokuba nzima ukufumana kwikamva.