Yintoni iQumrhu?
I-corporation yinkampani esemthethweni enesabelo sabanini-mali kwaye ilawulwa yiBhodi yabalawuli.
Abalawuli bayonyulwa ngabanikazi abanini-nkampani. Ibhodi ikhetha amagosa ukulawula imicimbi yemihla ngemihla yenkampani. Ngokuqhelekileyo ziquka igosa elilawulayo eliphezulu okanye umongameli, igosa eliyinkokheli zezemali kunye nobhala. Ezinye iinkampani zinezikhundla ezongezelelweyo, njengegosa lolwazi oluphambili okanye igosa elinolawulo loluntu.
Uxanduva lwabaLawuli kunye namaGosa
Abalawuli kunye namagosa atyala uxanduva lwezenzo okanye iimpazamo abazenzayo ngelixa bekhonza i-corporation. Kwezinye iimeko, banokubanjelwa ngokwabo ngokwabo ukulimala kommangalelwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba iafa zabo zobuqu zingasetyenziselwa ukwanelisa imfuno yommangalelwa kwemonakalo. Ukwesaba uxanduva lomntu siqu kunokuthintela ukuba inkampani ikwazi ukufumana amagosa amatsha kunye nabalawuli. Inkampani inokutshintsha ezo nkalo ngokuthenga abalawuli nabaphathi bamagosa.
I-corporation ixanduva lokunyanzelisa izenzo okanye iimpazamo ezenziwa ngabalawuli kunye namagosa ngelixa benza umsebenzi wabo kwi-corporation.
Ngaloo ndlela, i-corporation ixhomekeke kwizibophelelo ngamalungu esithathu ngenxa yokulimala abaye baqhubeka ngenxa yezenzo ezenziwe ngumlawuli okanye igosa.
Abanikazi bamashishini basenokuba ngabanikazi abangenalutho benkampani. Ngenxa yokuba abanakho ukuthetha ngendlela eqhutywe ngayo yinkampani okanye abalawulwayo, abanini-zimpahla abanakukwazi ukuthethwa ngenxa yokunganakwa okanye ukungalunganga okwenziwe ngabaphathi okanye abaqondisi.
Iimfanelo ezijongene nabaLawuli kunye namaGosa
Abalawuli bequmrhu kunye namagosa asebenza kwi-corporation, abagcini-zimpahla, abasebenzi , abathengi kunye namashishini karhulumente. Banyanzelekile ukuba benze ngokunyamekela, ukunyaniseka, nokuthobela xa beqhuba imisebenzi yabo egameni lenkampani. Kufuneka bathembeke xa bechazela iinkcukacha malunga nemeko yezemali yenkampani kubagcini bempahla kunye nabathengi. Kumele baphathe abasebenzi ngokufanelekileyo kwaye bahambisane nemimiselo karhulumente. Ukuba abahluleki ukufezekisa le mi sebenzi, abalawuli kunye namagosa angatyala. Nayi imizekelo yezenzo ezingakhokelela kumacala okugweba:
- Iingxelo ezingalunganga ezenzelwe abatyalo-mali, ababolekekisi, abathengisi okanye abathengi malunga nempilo yezemali yangoku
- Ukupheliswa okungafanelekanga, ukucalulwa , okanye ukuhlukunyezwa komntu owayengumqeshwa
- Ukuphathwa kakubi kweemali zeenkampani, okubangela ukuba ixabiso lempahla yenkampani iyancipha
- Ukuqaliswa kokuhlanganiswa okanye ukufumana ngaphandle kokunyamekela ngokufanelekileyo
- Iimpazamo ezibhekiselele ekusebenzeni kwezimali kwekhampani
- Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweemfihlo zorhwebo lomqhubi
- Ukuthengisa kwangaphakathi
Ukuhlawulelwa
Enye imbono engundoqo kwi-inshurensi yemfanelo ye-D & O yindleko. Ukuhlawulwa kwenzeka xa inkampani ibuyisela abalawuli okanye amagosa ngeendleko zemonakalo kunye neendleko zokukhusela ezibangelwa zigwebo.
Ukuba aba bantu babefanele bahlawule ezi ndleko kwiifokethi, bambalwa abantu abanokukhetha ukuba ngabaphathi okanye abaqondisi. Ngaloo ndlela, ezininzi zivumela ukuba iinkampani zivumeleke ukuba zihlawulele abalawuli kunye namagosa. Amazwe avimbela ukuhlawulwa phantsi kweemeko ezithile, njengokuba umlawuli okanye igosa ligwetywe ulwaphulo-mthetho.
Uninzi luvumela amaqumrhu ukuba anqume indlela abaya kuhlawulela ngayo amagosa kunye nabaqondisi. Ezi zigqibo zihlala zifakwe kwiimigaqo yomthetho.
Abalawuli kunye namaGosa e-Intshurensi
Abaphathi nabaphathi bamagosa (D & O) ukukhutshwa ngumhlobo weephutha kunye ne-inshorense yokuchithwa . Ikhusela abaqondisi kunye namagosa avela kumatyala amacala abanjwe ngabaphathi-mali, abalawuli, abaphenyi belizwe okanye abanye abathathu.
Iinkqubo ze-D & O zenzelwe ukufaka umonakalo wokufuna ukulimala kwamabango ngenxa yokonakaliswa kwemali , kungekhona ukulimala komzimba okanye umonakalo wepropati .
Bafaka ibango le-third party kwiimali ezilahlekileyo ezigcinwe ngenxa yephutha okanye ukungaphumeleli okwenziwa ngumlawuli okanye igosa. Uninzi lwemigaqo-nkqubo ye-D ne-O inikezela ezi zintathu iintlobo zengxelo:
- Abalawuli kunye namaGosa okuXanduva. Ukukhupha umonakalo kunye neendleko ezihlolwe kumlawuli okanye igosa elingazange lihlawulelwe ngenxa yeendleko ze-corporation. Le nkcazo idla ngokuba yiCandelo A. Ikhusela i-asethi kunye namagosa aseburhulumenteni. Inkampani ingahle ikwazi ukubonelela ukuhlawulwa ngenxa yokuba ibhajethi okanye ngenxa yokuba ivinjelwe ukwenza njalo ngomthetho. Amazwe ngokubanzi avimbela ukuhlawulwa kwabakhokeli okanye amagosa anesihloko sesithatha esithathayo (isatifiketi esinikwe ngabanini-zimali egameni lenkampani).
- Ukuhlawulelwa. Uhlawulela i-corporation ngemali ehlawule abalawuli okanye amagosa okanye egameni labo njengesiqinisekiso. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa yiCandelo B.
- U xanduva loLuntu . Ikhupha amabango okanye izibophezelo ezifakwe ngokuthe ngqo kwiinkampani. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa yiCandelo C okanye Umyinge woMgangatho. Ubungakanani balaba bhengezo buyahluka ngoxhomekeke ekubeni inkampani ekhuselekile yinkampani yabucala, yoluntu okanye inzuzo. Ukuba inkampani eqinisekisiwe yinkampani karhulumente, i-entity coverage isebenza kuphela kwiibango zokhuseleko.
Iinkqubo ze - D & O zenziwe ngamabango , oku kuthetha ukuba zibandakanya amabango awenziwe ngexesha lomgaqo-nkqubo. Amabango awenziwe emva kokuba umgaqo-nkqubo uphelelwa awupheli. Imigaqo-nkqubo eninzi iquka ukhetho lokuthenga ixesha elide lokunika ingxelo , elibandakanya amabango abiziweyo emva kokuba umgaqo-nkqubo uphele. Eminye imigaqo-nkqubo iquka ukukhutshwa kwemisebenzi enxulumene nokuqhelana nokucwaswa nokuchithwa okungafanelekanga. Ukuba le ngxelo ingabandakanywa kumgaqo-nkqubo, i- inshurensi inokuyihambisa phantsi kweefom zecandelo loxanduva lomsebenzi .
Nkqubo ekhethekileyo
Abaninzi bango-inshurensi ababonelela nge-D & O ukubonelela iinkqubo ezikhethekileyo kwiintlobo ezithile zamashishini. Umzekelo ngumgaqo-nkqubo we- Private D & O weNkampani , owenzelwe iinkampani ezingenaso ukuthengiswa kwendawo. Imigaqo-nkqubo ekhethekileyo nayo iyafumaneka kwimibutho engekho inzuzo, amaziko emali, iinkampani zonyango, kunye namaziko emfundo.
Inqaku elihlelwe nguMarianne Bonner