Sebenzisa ezi zixhobo ukuhlalutya iingxelo zezimali zeenkampani
Amanqaku amancedo anxulumene nezibalo ezilula kunye nophando oluthile lunokunceda ukuba wenze uhlalutyo lwenkcazo yemali yakho, kwaye kuxhomekeke kohlobo lwengcaciso ofuna ukuyiphanda.
Uza kusebenzisa ezi zintathu iingxelo zemali, i- balance sheet , isitatimenti se ngeniso , kunye nesitatimende sokuhamba kwemali . Qinisekisa ukuba, ngokukodwa xa usebenzisa izitatimende zemali kwixesha elingaphezu kwekota, ukuba isitatimenti ngasinye sezimali silungiselelwe ngendlela efanayo ukuze ufumane idatha echanekileyo ngokuthe ngqo kwixesha elinye ukuya kwelinye. Thatha oku kuqwalasela kwakhona ukuba ukhetha ukuthelekisa idatha yakho yezemali kwii-firms zangaphandle okanye kwimigangatho yamashishini.
Iindlela ezilandelayo zibonisa ukubonakala kwimizila yezoshishino, ukuhluka, kunye nemiba, ukuphakamisa imibuzo malunga nenkampani efuna ukuphendulwa. Ukuphonononga i-shishini, ukufumana iinkcazo zeendlela ezahlukileyo kunye nokwenza utshintsho ngokusekelwe kwimilinganiselo emihle okanye engafanelekanga yiphumo langempela lohlalutyo lwezimali.
01 - Uhlalutyo lomsebenzi
Uhlalutyo lomqhubi lubizwa nangokuthi uhlalutyo lwexesha . Uhlalutyo lwenkohlakalo lunceda umphathi wezezimali ukuba aqonde indlela i-firm inokuyenza ngayo ixesha elide, ngokusekelwe kwimimiselo eboniswa yimbali edlulileyo.
Uhlalutyo lomsebenzi lusebenzisa idatha yesiganeko kwiinkcazo zemali zenkampani, kunye neenkcukacha ezichazwe kwiprogram yeprojekthi, okanye ingxelo ekhangele phambili, yemali, ukuqokelela umbono wexesha elide lomsebenzi wayo wezezimali kwaye ubujonge ukuhluka kwexesha.
Enye indlela esithandwayo yokwenza uhlalutyo lwempawu kukuhlalutya kwezimali . Ukuba ubala izibalo zemali kwenkampani yeshishini, uya kufuna ukubala ubuncinane ubuncinane iminyaka emibili yokuqhathanisa ecaleni ngecala ukubonelela nayiphi na ingcaciso enengqiqo.
Imilinganiselo ayithathi nto ngaphandle kokuba unento yokuyithelekisa kuyo, njengenye yeminyaka yedatha. Uhlalutyo lwenkqubela lunamandla nakakhulu xa unayo kwaye usebenzise iminyaka emininzi yemali yeemali. Ezinye iifemu ziyaqhathanisa idatha kwiirati eziqhelekileyo zoshishino okanye ukhuphiswano.
02 - Uhlalutyo lweNkcazo yezeMali oluPhakathi
Uhlalutyo lwenkcazo yemali ngokuqhelekileyo luquka ukuhlalutya ibhalansi kunye nenkokhelo yemali esebenzisa ipesenteji. Zonke izinto zenkcazo yemali yokufumana ingxelo zichazwe njengepesenteji yokuthengisa. Zonke izinto zeteksi ye-balance sheet zichazwe njengepesenti yexabiso lempahla.
Ngokomzekelo, kwingxelo yengeniso, yonke into yomgca ihlulwe ngokuthengisa kunye nakwi- balance sheet , yonke into emgca ihlukaniswe ngamaxabiso ewonke. Olu hlobo lokuhlalutya lwenza umphathi wezemali ukuba abuke ingxelo ye ngeniso kunye nephepha lokulinganisela kwifomati yepesenti, okwenza kube lula ukutolika.
Ukujonga isitatimenti sengeniso , umzekelo, unokuyijika ibe yintetho yengeniso eqhelekileyo ngokulula. Ukuba ubala ngeniso engenayo njengepesenti yentengiso epheleleyo, kuya kubonakala njengolu mzekelo: i-$ 64,000 engenayo ngeniso / imali eyi-$ 1,000,000 yokuthengisa = iipesenti ezingama-6.4.
Faka isicelo sefomu kuwo wonke umgca wenkcazo kwingxelo yengeniso ukuphuhlisa isitatimenti sakho semali engenayo efanayo. Ngamanye amagama, setha umbandela ngamnye wepesenti njengepesenti yokuthengisa, kunye neentengiso ezilingana nama-100 ekhulwini.
Njengoko kuhlalutyo lwemali, unokuqhathanisa inkokhelo yemali engenayo ngokuqhelekileyo kunyaka omnye ukuya kwenye iminyaka yedatha ukuze ubone indlela osebenzayo ngayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kulula ukuyenza loo mzekelo ngokusebenzisa iipesenti kunokuba manani apheleleyo.
Ukusebenzisa iipesenti kwenza kube lula ukuthelekisa iifemu ezimbini zobukhulu obuhlukeneyo. Nangona amaxesha amathathu eenkampani zikhulu kunomncintiswano walo kwimigangatho yokuthengisa, ipesente--wise, mhlawumbi ichitha iindleko ezifanayo, umzekelo.
03 - Ipesenteji Ukutshintshwa kweSitatimende seNkcazo yeMali
Ipesenti yokutshintshwa kweengxelo zezimali zemali zifumana ubunzima ngakumbi. Xa usebenzisa le fom yokuhlalutya, ubala amazinga okukhula kuwo onke amanqaku enkcazo yemali kunye neakhawunti yekharityhulam ye-balance sheet malunga nesiseko sonyaka.
Olu luhlobo olunamandla kakhulu lohlalutyo lweengxelo zemali. Unokwazi ukubona indlela ezahlukileyo iinkcazo zemali yengeniso kunye neakhawunti yamaphepha e-balance sheet akhula okanye enqatshelwe ngokumalunga nokukhula okanye ukuncipha kwiintengiso kunye nezinto ezipheleleyo .
Ngokomzekelo, zithi i-XYZ, Inc. ine-$ 500 kwi-inventory kwi-balance sheet yayo ngo-2015 kunye ne-$ 700 kwi-inventory kwi-balance sheet yayo ngo-2016. Inani eliye lakhula ngo-2016?
I-formula yokubala isantya sokukhula kwi-inventory yile ilandelayo: (2016 yokugcina i-inventory - 2015 ukuqala ukuqokelela) / 2015 ukuqala ukufakwa = $ 200 / $ 500 = 0.40, okanye i-40 ekhulwini. Ukukhula okanye utshintsho kwi-inventory ye-XYZ, Inc. ngo-2016 ngama-40 ekhulwini.
Ukuba wenza uhlalutyo lokutshintshwa kwepesenti kuwo onke amaphepha ebhalansi kunye nempahla yentetho yengeniso, thelekisa ezimbini okanye iminyaka emithathu yecala leenkcukacha ngokubhekiselele ekuboneni iindleko ezibalulekileyo kwizinto ezifana nokuchitha ngokweqile okanye ukuphuculwa kweentengiso.
04 - Ukumisela
I-Benchmarking ikwabizwa nangokuhlalutya kweshishini. I-Benchmarking ibandakanya ukuqhathanisa nenkampani nezinye iinkampani kwishishini elifanayo ukujonga indlela enye inkampani eyenzileyo ngayo ngokwezimali xa kuthelekiswa nabanye kwishishini.
Olu hlobo lokuhlalutya lubaluleke kakhulu kumphathi wezemali njengoko lubancedisa ukuba babone ukuba banenzuzo yokukhuphisana okanye bafumene ukungabi nako nokungahambi kakuhle kwabanye abantu kwishishini elifanayo.
Uhlalutyo lwemali lwamaxabiso luvame ukusetyenziswa ukubeka uphawu lokubonisa. Ukuxhaswa kwemali kumntu ngamnye, iinkampani zikarhulumente zifumaneka kwiindawo ezininzi. Iipapasho ezimbalwa zinika ubungakanani bemigangatho yamashishini, nangona zingadinga ukubhaliselwa okuhlawulwa, ezifana neNgxelo yeeNkcazo zoNyaka zoPhuhliso lweMingcipheko.
Unokufumana ama-ratios aphakathi kwamashishini ukusuka kwi-Value Line kunye no-Dun kunye ne-Bradstreet. Hlola zonke ezi zintathu zezi mpapasho kwilayibrari yakho yoluntu okanye kwilayibrari yeshishini yekholeji.
Ukwenza ibhonmarkmarking, thelekisa iiratios kwinkampani enye kwiirati zezinye iinkampani kwishishini elifanayo. Qinisekisa ukuba izilinganiso eziqhelekileyo zoshishino zibalwe ngendlela efanayo ukulinganiswa kwenkampani yakho kubalwa xa wenza uphawu lokutshekisha.
Ukusebenzisa ezi ndlela ezine zohlalutyo lweenkcazo zezimali zingancedisa abaphathi bezemali ekuqondeni imeko yezemali yefenimari ngaphakathi kunye nokuthelekiswa namanye amafemu kwishishini lawo. Ngokubambisana, ezi ndlela zinika izixhobo zokuhlalutya ezinamandla ezinokukunceda iinkampani zikwazi ukuhlala zixazululwe kwaye zinenzuzo.