Ingxelo yeNgeniso, iMali eViweyo, iMali yokuBhalisa, kunye neNkcazo yokuPhuma kweMali
Ngaphandle kokuhlalutya idatha yezemali kwiqumrhu lakho elincinci lenkampani, wena, njengomnini, uza kubhenqa imfama. Nangona ukuphela kwemali yezinto akuyona into oyithandayo yoshishini lakho kwaye uzimisele ukuphuma ngaphandle kwezinto ezininzi, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufanele uyiqonde. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba kufuneka uqonde imveliso oyifumanayo kwi-akhawunti yakho okanye omnye uchwepheshe wezezimali ukuze usebenze lakho ishishini.
Umzekelo, ukuba i-akhawunti yakho ikuxelela ukuba inzuzo yakho i-$ 1,000 ngonyaka, kufuneka uqonde ukuba kwenzekani ukuvumela ukuba wenze loo $ 1,000. Akunakudinga ukwazi iinkcukacha ezininzi njengomgcini-akhawunti, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uqonde umfanekiso omkhulu.
Kufunda i siseko
Kukulungele ukuqala ngeendlela ezisiseko ukuze uqonde imeko yakho yezemali. Mhlawumbi uye wafundiswa kwi-finance and accounting, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, qwalasela oku kuhlaziywa. Ukuba akunjalo, ke apha sihamba kwikota elifutshane ekuqondeni nasekuhlaziyeni isikhundla sakho semali.
Into yokuqala ufanele uvuke ukukhawuleza kwiingxelo zemali wena okanye ootitshala bakho bezezimali uza kuvelisa ishishini lakho. Ezi nkcazo zemali ziyakunceda uqonde isikhundla sakho sezimali senkxaso kwixesha kunye nangethuba lexesha kunye nokuma kwakho kwemali nganoma naluphi na ixesha ngexesha. Amashishini amancinci amaninzi ahluleka ngenxa yokuba umninimzi ulahlekelwa yimpembelelo yenkampani yezimali.
Ukuba uqonda izitatimende zemali, oko akuyi kwenzeka kuwe.
Inkcazo yeNgeniso
Ingxelo yengeniso ikwabizwa ngokuba yinkcazo yenzuzo kunye nelahleko . Yona ngxelo ebalulekileyo yokulinganisa inzuzo yenkampani yakho ngexesha elide. Uphuhlisa isitatimenti sengeniso kwindlela yokunyathela ngamanyathelo ukuqala ngemali yengeniso oyifumeneyo.
Emva koko uthabatha into nganye ifom yakho ifake imali ukuze ubone ukuba inzuzo yakho okanye ukulahlekelwa yintoni emva kokunciphisa. Ungalungisa iingxelo zengeniso ngethuba elifutshane nje ngeenyanga, ukuba ufuna olu hlobo lwazi. Ngeenjongo zerhafu, unokwandisa loo nto kwaye uhlakulele ingxelo yakho yengeniso yonyaka werhafu.
Indlela yokulungisa iSitatimende seNgcaciso yeMali
INkcazo yeMbuyekezo egcinweyo yinkcazo yesibini yezemali oyilungiselelayo kwisigidi - mali . Emva kokuba ufike kwisibonelelo sakho okanye ilahleko yakho evela kwingxelo yengeniso, uyilungiselela le nkcazo ukuze ubone ukuba yeyiphi ixabiso lakho eligcinwe ngokumalunga nomhla kunye nendlela oza kuhlawula ngayo kubalimi-mali kwizabelo , ukuba zikhona. Ingeniso epheleleyo efunyenweyo iya kudluliselwa kwi-balance sheet.
I-Balance Sheet
Isalathisi isitatimenti esibonisa oko uqobo (iimpahla) kunye nento enetyala (amatyala kunye nokulingana). Iimpahla zakho kufuneka zilingane namatyala akho (ityala) kunye ne-equity yakho (utsalo-mali lomnini). Usebenzise iimfanelo zakho kunye nokulingana ukuthenga izinto zakho. Isalathisi ibonisa isikhundla sakho sezimali malunga nexabiso kunye namatyala / ukulingana kwinqanaba ngexesha.
Ingxelo yeNgxowa-mali
Nangona inkampani yakho iphendulela inzuzo, inokuthi iyancipha ngenxa yokuba ungenayo ukuhamba kwemali eyaneleyo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulungiselela iSitatimende soKhuseleko lweMali njengoko kulungiselelwa ingxelo yokufumana imali kunye nekharityhulam. Eli nqaku lifanisa amaxesha amabini eenkcukacha zemali kwaye ibonisa indlela imali eyatshintshile ngayo kwingeniso, indleko, i-asethi, uxanduva, kunye neengxelo ze-equity ngexesha lalo xesha.
Isitatimende sihlula ukuhamba kwemali kwimali yokuhamba kwemali, ukuhamba kwemali yokutsalwa kwemali, kunye nokuxhasa imali yokuhamba kwemali. Isiphumo sokugqibela yinguqu yetsholongwane yokuhamba kwemali ngexesha elithile kwaye unike umnini umfanekiso obanzi kakhulu wesikhundla semali yeskampani.
Ezi zine zentetho zemali zilungiselelwe ekupheleni komjikelo-mali kwaye kufuneka zilungiswe kulo myalelo.
Ulwazi oluvela kwingxelo yeNgeniso luvela kwingeniso kunye neengxelo zeendleko kwi- ledger jikelele kunye nolwazi lweNkcazo yeMbuyekezo egcinwe kwiNkcazo yeNgeniso kunye ne-akhawunti ye-dividend.
I-Balance Sheet ilungiselelwe ngokuzayo kwaye ulwazi luyithathwa kwi-asethi, i-akhawunti kunye ne-equity accounts kwi-ledger jikelele kunye nakwiNkcazo yokuNikwa kwemivuzo. Ekugqibeleni, iNkcazo yeNgqikembeko yeeNgxowa-mali iyakulungiswa kuzo zonke iingxelo zezimali zangaphambilini.
Isitatimende sezimali singalungiselelwa inkampani kunoma yiphi ubude bexesha kunye nanini na ixesha. Ezinye iinkampani zilungiselela iingxelo zemali rhoqo ngenyanga ukwenzela ukuba ziphathwe ngokukhawuleza kwisimo semali senkampani. Ezinye iinkampani zinomjikelezo wokugcina ingxelo. Iingxelo zemali kufuneka zilungiswe ekupheleni konyaka werhafu yenkampani .