ISPM-15
Yintoni i-ISPM-15?
I-ISPM-15 (iMigangatho yeSizwe yeMilinganiselo yePhytosanitary No. 15) ephathelele iimfuno zokupakisha imithi eziwela imida yomhlaba wonke. I-International Phytosanitary Measure eyenziwa yiNgqungquthela yokuVizwa kwamaZiko ngamaZwe (IPPC). I-ISPM-15 idibanisa ukuthunyelwa kwamazwe ngamazwe okuqinileyo angaphezu kwe-6 mm. Iyakwazi ukudibana nokusetyenziswa kweyonyango efanelekileyo kwaye unyango lwe-fumigation.
Injongo ephambili ye-ISPM-15 kukuthintela ukusasazeka kwezinambuzane kunye nezifo ezingaba nefuthe elibi kwizityalo nakwizinto eziphilayo ngezothutho zamazwe ngamazwe. Iquka iinqanawa, iinqwelo, izithuthi, izitya, izithaya zeendawo, umhlaba kunye nezinye izinto kunye nezinto ezinokusasaza nokugcina izilwanyana. Umgangatho we-IPPC we-ISPM-15 owenziwe ziziphakamiso zamanye amazwe angamalungu afumene imvelaphi yeenambuzane ezinobungozi ekuthuthweni kokupakishwa kwezinto ezingaphefumliyo okanye ezingaphefumulwanga.
Ukuqonda iimfuno zonyango zokupakisha imithi eqinile, ezifana neepallets zemithi kunye nokupakishwa, kubandakanywa iiyunithi eziphindiweyo okanye ezilungisweyo kunokuthintela ukuphazamiseka kunye neendleko zokuthunyelwa kwakho kwiindawo zokungena kwamanye amazwe.
Isiseko salo mbandela kukuba iintlobo ezinambuzane zingabhekiswa kumthi onzima ongathandwanga, kwaye xa zithunyelwa kumazwe ngamazwe, zinokutshabalalisa izidalwa zendalo kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi.
I-ISPM-15 yindlela yokulawula eyenzelwe ukunciphisa ingozi yezinambuzane ezingezizo ezihamba emhlabeni jikelele.
Ziziphi izinto ezifanele zigcine i-ISPM-15 standard kwaye zikhutshwa kuyo?
Imithetho eqhelekileyo ye-ISPM-15 ifuthe kwizinto ezinokuthi zenziwe ngamaplanga kunye nezinto zokupaka ezifana ne-dunnage, iikhetsti, i-reels, iikholeji kunye neepllets, kodwa izinto ezinokusetyenziswa njengeplastiki, iphepha, isinyithi kunye nemveliso yepaneli yeenkuni (ukhuni olwenziweyo) njengeplywood, hardboard, OSB abakhululwa ukugcina umgangatho we-ISPM-15.
Kodwa khumbula, ukuthumela okanye ukuthutha ukhuni okanye iimveliso zokhuni kwilizwe elinye likhululekile kule mfuneko. Kwakhona, umgangatho we-ISPM-15 usebenza kuphela kumazwe ahambelana nezikhokelo ze-IPPC.
Indlela yokugcina umgangatho we-ISPM-15?
Ngaphantsi kwe-ISPM-15 eqhelekileyo, zonke izinto ezingenakutshiweyo kunye nezinto zokupakisha ngamatye (WPM) zokuthumela ngaphandle ezifana neepllets ezenziwe ngamaplanga, i-dunnage kunye ne-crating kufuneka iphathwe. Kwinkqubo yonyango yokushisa, i-WPM imele itshayiswe de ibe iqondo lokushisa kwangaphakathi lifike kuma-56 degrees Celsius okanye ngaphezulu kwimizuzu engama-30. Oku kuthathwa njengeyona ndlela efanelekileyo kunye neyokusingqongileyo kwindlela yokutshabalalisa izinambuzane eziyingozi kwimithi. Ngokufucuza ukugqitywa njengokhetho lwenyango, abanye, njenge-dielectric okanye i-microwave ukufudumeza kubhekiswa kwisisombululo. Ulwaphulo lokushisa, nangona kunjalo, luyimveliso eqinile yokupakisha imveliso njengolu xesha.
Emva kokuphefumula okanye ukushisa, i-WPM ifakwe okanye ifakwe uphawu nge-IPPC. Indlela yokwenziwa kwonyango kunye nelizwe elivela kwimvelaphi ye-WPM ibonakaliswe ngamanqaku. Kuqulethwe kule nqaku ngumzekelo wephepha le-IPPC elisetyenziswa eCanada.
Kuthiwani nge-ISPM-15 eCanada nase-USA?
Bobabini iCanada ne-USA ngamalungu e-IPPC kwaye baye bamkela imigaqo ye-ISPM-15 yokugcina iimbopheleleko zamazwe ngamazwe.
Ngoko ke, ukuthunyelwa ngamazwe ngamazwe okanye nayiphi na indlela yokuthutha iWPM kufuneka iphathwe kwaye ibhalwe uphawu lwePPC. Iipallets, i-crating okanye nayiphi enye i-WPM ehanjiswa kwakhona naphambili phakathi kweCanada ne-USA, nangona kunjalo, iyakhululwa kwiimfuno ze-ISPM-15, ngoxa kuthethwa ukuthunyelwa kwezixhobo ezivela eCanada okanye e-US nakwamanye amazwe, i-ISPM-15 imithetho iyasebenza.
Amashishini aseMntla yaseMerika akhathazeke ukuba umgangatho we-ISPM-15 uya kusebenza ngokunyuka kwee-Canada-US iminyango ye-pallet, ngexesha elithile. Ngoxa kwakulindelwe ukuba ukukhululwa kwakuza kukhishwa ngo-2016 okanye ngo-2017, ixesha lokumiswa kwe-ISPM-15 phakathi kweCanada ne-US lihlala lingaqinisekanga ngeli xesha.
Ukususela kwindlela yokusingqongileyo, ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwe-ISPM-15 iimfuno zokugubungela umzila wezorhwebo waseKhanada nase-US kuya kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwendalo, kodwa iindleko zonyango lokushisa okanye ezinye iiplletthi eziphathekayo ziya kufakwa ngokungathandabuzeki ngoshishino.