Imirhumo nemithetho omele uyiqonde
Imithetho yemiSebenzi yabantwana ifake isicelo kubantwana babanikazi
ISebe leZebasebenzi lase-United States linemithetho emalunga namashishini anabantwana njengabasebenzi. Umthetho oyintloko nguMthetho wezeMigangatho wezeMigangatho yeBasebenzi (FLSA) , equka inani leeyure kunye nemirhumo yokuhlawula.
Le mithetho yenzelwe ukukhusela abantwana kwimimiselo yomsebenzi onzima (kungekho "ama-sweatshops").
Isiqinisekiso sobudala kunye neMvume yeMisebenzi
Ngaphambi kokuba kuqeshwe umqeshwa osemtsha, misela ubuncinane bomntwana. Cela i-ID (ilayisensi yokuqhuba, isitifiketi sokuzalwa, okanye enye). Musa ukuthembela kumntwana ukunika ithuba elifanelekileyo. Uzakufuna ukwazi ixesha elifanelekileyo lomntwana ukwazi ukuba yiziphi izithintelo ezisetyenziswayo. Imithetho yaseburhulumenteni ayifuni iimvume zemisebenzi kubasebenzi abancinci kodwa jonga kwimeko yakho ukuze ubone ukuba kufuneka iimvume ezinjalo.
Imiqobo yeNgqesho yabantwana
I-FLSA ibeka iminyaka eyi-14 ubudala njengobuncinci bexesha lokuqeshwa kunye nokunciphisa inani leeyure ezisebenza ngabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-16.
I-FLSA iyakwenqabela nabantwana ukuba basebenze kwimisebenzi enobungozi, njengezixhobo zokusebenza zokuqhuba nokuqhuba amandla kwaye kubandakanya iimfuno ezisebenza kwiintlobo ezithile zemisebenzi, njengomsebenzi wezolimo okanye imisebenzi efuna ukusebenza kwezithuthi.
Ezinye izinto zingasetyenziswa, kuquka nabantwana abasebenzela abazali (bona ngezantsi).
Ezinye izithintelo zeminyaka
- Abancinci abaneminyaka eli-16 kunye ne-17 banokwenza nayiphi na imisebenzi engabhengezwa ngumsebenzi onobungozi okanye umsebenzi kwaye abaxhomekeke kwimimiselo kwieyure
- Abancinci abaneminyaka eli-14 kunye ne-15 banokusebenza ngaphandle kweeyure zesikolo kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo engeyiyo yokuvelisa, engekho migodi, imisebenzi engeyingozi. Lo msebenzi unqandekile kwiintsuku kunye neeyure: Akukho ngaphezu kweeyure ezintathu ngosuku lwesikolo, iiyure ezingama-18 kwiveki yesikolo, iiyure ezisibhozo kwimihla engekho yesikolo, okanye iiyure ezingama-40 kwiveki engekho yesikolo.
- Ukongezelela, abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-16 abanokuqala ukusebenza ngaphambi ko-7 okanye ukusebenza emva kwe-7 ntambama, ngaphandle koJuni 1 ukuya kwiSuku lomSebenzi, xa iiyure zangokuhlwa zidlulelwe kude kube ngu-9: 00.
- Abancinci abaneminyaka eli-14 kunye ne-15 banokusebenza kuphela kwinani elincinci lemisebenzi: ivenkile, inkonzo yokutya, kunye neenkonzo zepetroliyo zesebe zichazwe ngqo kwimimiselo.
Imithetho Yengqesho Yomntwana
I-US ithi nayo inemithetho yomsebenzi wabantwana ekhona, enye inokuthi ibe yinto engqongqo ngaphezu kwemithetho yombuso. Xa imithetho yaseburhulumenteni kunye nemithetho yomthetho ifanelana, umthetho okhuselekileyo (okhuselekileyo) uyasebenza. Fumana ulwazi olongezelelweyo malunga nemithetho yengqesho yomntwana wakho ngokuya kwiwebhusayithi ye-ofisi yengqesho yomntu .
Isimo sabasebenzi bezingane
Ngaphambi kokuba uqeshe nabani na abantwana njengabasebenzi (kubandakanywa nabantwana bakho), cacisa ngokucacileyo imeko yabasebenzi. Ukwenza ixesha lesahlulo okanye ukuwahlukanisa ngokuthi "abasebenzi basehlotyeni" banokuphepha ukungaqondani malunga neenzuzo kunye nokuhlawula. Faka iinkcukacha malunga nesimo sabasebenzi abancinci kumsebenzi wakho wencwadi okanye umgaqo-nkqubo wenkqubo.
Iifomu ezintsha zokuHlaba abantwana
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iphepha elitsha lokuqeshisa abantwana abaqeshwe njengabasebenzi kwishishini lakho kufuneka bafanane nayo yonke eminye imisebenzi. Ngokukodwa, abantwana abasandul 'ukuqeshwa mabazalise iFom W-4 phambi kokuba bafumane ukuhlawula kwabo yokuqala, ukubonisa ukugcinwa kweerhafu yombuso, kwaye kufuneka unqande irhafu yengeniso kwi-paychecks yabantwana ngaphandle kokuba umntu ebanga ukuxolelwa.
Funda kabanzi malunga nefomu ezintsha zokuqeshisa bonke abasebenzi kufuneka bazalise.
Ukuhlawula kunye neNzuzo kubantwana
- Kumele uhlawule abasebenzi abancinci umvuzo omncinane omnye kunye nabanye abasebenzi; nangona kunjalo, umvuzo osisiseko ophantsi ungabhatalwa kwabasebenzi abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-20 ngeentsuku zokuqala ezingama-90 zomsebenzi. Qinisekisa ukuba uyazisa abasebenzi abatsha beeyure zehora uya kubahlawula.
- Kumele ugweme irhafu ye-FICA (ukhuseleko lwezeNtlalo / i-Medicare) ukusuka kwabantwana kwaye uhlawule isabelo sakho somqeshi serhafu, efanayo nakwabanye abasebenzi.
- Umele uhlawule ixesha elide emva kweeyure ezingama-40 zomsebenzi ngeveki, kunye nemimiselo efanayo kunye nabanye abasebenzi.
- Ukuba umqeshwa omncinci uyakufanelekela nayiphi na inzuzo, kufuneka unikeze kwaye uhlawule ezi ntlawulo ngendlela efanayo nabanye abasebenzi.
- Imithetho ye-FLSA ayifuni ukuba uhlawule ikhefu okanye iholidi ngoncedo lwehlobo, kodwa abanye bathi.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, kuyinto efanelekileyo yokubonelela abasebenzi abancinci nabasebenzi basehlobo bafumana inzuzo efanayo njengabanye abasebenzi.
Ukuqesha Abantwana Bakho Njengabasebenzi
Ukuba uqeshe abantwana bakho ukuba basebenze kwishishini lakho, iminye imithetho ye-FLSA ayisebenzisi. Ezi mphumo azisebenzi ukuba ishishini lakho liyinkampani. Umsebenzi owenziwa ngabantwana bakho kufuneka ube ngowomfuneko kwaye ubalulekile kwi shishini lakho.
- Ubuncinane beminyaka yobudala abusebenzi, kodwa kufuneka uhlawule abantwana bakho umvuzo ofanelekileyo.
- Imingcipheko yobudala engaphantsi ayisebenzisi, ngaphandle kwemigodi, ukuveliswa kunye neminye imisebenzi apho abantwana abangaphantsi kwe-18 abavumelekanga ukusebenza.
- Abantwana bakho akufanele bahlawule irhafu yengeniso ye-federal ukuba bangaphantsi kwexabiso elincinci lembuyekezo.
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi olukule nqaku nakweli sayithi lujoliswe ukuba lube luqhelekileyo, kwaye aluhloselwe ukuba irhafu okanye isiluleko somthetho. Yonke imeko yoshishino iyahluke, kwaye imithetho karhulumente kunye nemimiselo iyaqhubeka ishintsha. Qiniseka ukuba ubonisane nabacebisi bakho berhafu kunye nabomthetho ngaphambi kokuba wenze izigqibo zoshishino.