Iindawo zokutya zikhonza indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni impilo yesizwe. Ngokomgaqo-nkqubo weSizwe woLwazi loLwaphulo-mthetho oluKhusele ukuNgcwaba koBantwana (NPLAN), kwiminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo, iipesenti zeekhalori zansuku zonke ezidlulileyo ngaphandle kwekhaya ziphantse ziphindwe kabini. Ngokunyuka kokutya, iUnited States ibone ukunyuka okuthe xaxa kwindleko, ukukhuluphala kunye nezifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nesifo sikashukela nesifo senhliziyo.
Namhlanje, abantwana abayizigidi ezingama-23 banomzimba ogqithiseleyo okanye ogqithiseleyo eUnited States, inani eliye laphindaphindwa kane ukususela ngo-1970 kubantwana abaneminyaka engama-6-11.
Nangona iindawo zokutya zingenakho kuphela ukubeka ityala ngenxa yeengxaki zempilo zangoku, zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwisisombululo. Ngokubandakanya inani elikhulu lemenyu yokutya, iindawo zokutya zikwazi ukuphazamisa ukhetho lokutya lwabathengi kunye nokuncedisa ekukhethweni okunempilo. Ukudala imenyu yokutya enempilo ayikho imingeni nangona kunjalo. Iintlanzi zineenzuzo ezincinci kwaye akukho mfihlo yokuba ukhetho oluphilileyo, njengeziqhamo kunye nemifuno enomtsalane kunokuphila okufutshane kwesikhephe esincinci kunefriji zaseFrench okanye i-burger patties. Kukho izicwangciso ezininzi abaphathi beendawo zokudlela abanokuzifezekisa ukuze benze amenyu abo aphilile ngelixa besalondoloza izindleko zokutya ezifanelekileyo kunye neenzuzo.
Ukutya kweMihla yokuTyela
Ukutya iipatheni e-United States zitshintshile kakhulu ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 edluleyo kwaye izizathu ezikhethwa ngabantu ukuba badle ngaphandle kwamakhaya abo zihlukile kunokuba babe ngama-20, 30 okanye ama-40 edlulileyo.
Imindeni inokukhetha ukufumana isidlo sakusihlwa kwi-Applebee okanye i-Olive Garden, kuba ikulungele kwaye ifikeleleke, ngelixa iminyaka engama-30 edlulileyo bayodla kuphela isidlo kwixesha elikhethekileyo okanye kunyango. Abantu baseMelika baxhamla kwaye banxininiswe ngakumbi kunanini ngaphambili kwaye ngokukhawuleza badla impilo xa beza kubathengi ukutya.
Oku kuqinisekisile ukunyuka kokutya okutya okukhawulezayo njengoMcDonalds, owathi, ngokwe-website yayo, ngoku iqhuba malunga neepesenti ezingama-70 zeshishini layo ngokusebenzisa i-drive-window.
Ukunikezelwa kwendima entsha ekudleni iindawo zokudla kwimihla ngemihla yabantu abaninzi baseMelika, akusikho into efanelekileyo ukuba uluntu lufune ukukhetha imenyu enempilo kubathathi. Kodwa ngaba eso sicelo esifanelekileyo sokutya, esele sisebenze kwiimida ezincinci? Kwaye ngaba abantu babeza kuthengela ukhetho oluphilileyo? Emva koko, ukuba unikwe ukhetho phakathi kwe-cheeseburger okanye isaladi eluhlaza, bangaphi abantu abanokukhetha ukhetho lomvuzo? Nangona kungekho mpendulo ekhonkco kweso sifo, kukho izifundo ezithembisayo ezixhasa inkxaso yokuba, xa kunikwe ikhetho, kunye nokunye okukhuphayo, abantu abaninzi baya kukhetha into yemenyu enempilo xa bedla ngaphandle.
Imenyu ephilileyo Imiphumo yezempilo karhulumente
Ngo-1955, malunga neepesenti ezingama-25 zentsapho yebhajethi yaya kudla. Namhlanje, elo nani liye landa ukuya kuma-55 ekhulwini. Ukutya kwiivenkile kudla ngokudibanisa nokukhetha ukutya okuncinci okuncinci kunye nokufumana ubunzima bokugqithisileyo kunye nokunyanya kunokwenzeka. Ukunyuka kokutya kokutya okuthosiweyo, okuphezulu kwi-sodium kunye ne-sugary botyha ziqhelekileyo kwiindawo zokutyela ezizweni lonke.
Ngaphandle kwezi ngcamango zokutyela ezineempilo ezinjenge-Chipotle, kunye nokutya kwayo kunye ne-Integrity motto, okanye i-Panera kunye nokutya kwayo njengoko kufanele ukuba yi- motto, izinto ezikhethiweyo zempahla ziqulethe ezintathu okanye ezine izilori ezicetyiswayo ngesidlo esisodwa, ungakhankanyi phezulu amanqanaba e-sodium, amafutha kunye noshukela. Abagqugquzeli bempilo yoluntu baye baxhobisa ishishini lokutyela ukuze banikeze ukhetho oluphilileyo kubathengi, njengendlela yokuxhobisa abathengi ukuba benze ukhetho oluphilileyo. Ezinye izicwangciso zempilo ezikarhulumente eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya ukunikezela ngolwazi olunempilo kwiimenyu, iincinci ezincinci kwixabiso elincinci kwaye zibandakanya izithelo kunye nemifuno kunye neengqolowa ezipheleleyo. Amanampilo aphilileyo akufanele abe yinto enhle. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokutya eziza kunika iinketho ezinempilo kubathengi abazithengayo kwaye banonwabo.
Kuye kwaba neempembelelo ezibalulekileyo kwimibutho yezoshishino, njenge-National Restaurant Association, xa kuziwa ekulawuleni imenyu yokutyela, ecacisa umthwalo wemigangatho ekhoyo ekhoyo kumashishini amaninzi amancinci. Kwaye kukho ukugxekwa okukhulu kokubhaliweyo kwemenyu yangoku njengoko kungasebenzi. Kodwa akukho nto iguqula into yokuba i-US iyinkathazo yezempilo xa kuza ukutya kunye neendawo zokudlela zifumana ithuba lokunceda.
Indlela yokuyila iMenyu ephilileyo
Ngaphandle okanye ngaphandle kwemigaqo-nkqubo okanye imigaqo-nkqubo, nayiphi na indawo yokutyela, kungakhathaliseki ukuba isayizi, indawo okanye ingqiqo, kwaye ukhetha ukufaka iinketho ezinempilo kwimenyu yazo ekhoyo. Kwintsapho yahlaziywa ngo-2017 isifundo sokungenelela kwindlela yokutya yokutya esenziwe eSpeyin, iziko zokutya ezili-16 kwiindawo zokuhlala ezimbini ezihlukeneyo zentsapho ziqalise iinkqubo ezininzi zemenyu enempilo kuquka ukubonelela ngolwazi olunempilo kunye ne-allergen, ukwandisa inani okanye ukhetho lokutya okunempilo olukhoyo, kunye nabaqeqeshi ekudleni okunempilo kunye izilwanyana. Ekupheleni kolu phofu, iziseko ezithatha inxaxheba ngokunyusa ukunyuka kweezitya zokutya eziquka ukutya okupheleleyo, imifuno kunye neziqhamo zeziqhamo, kunye nokunciphisa izitya eziliweyo. Kwiitya ezidikiweyo ezazisenziwa, uhlobo lwamafutha luguqulwe kwioli yezityalo okanye ioli ye-oleic ephezulu ye-sunflower, okhetho oluphilileyo. Ezi zicwangciso ezifanayo zinokusetyenziswa eMelika.
Kanye nokunikezela ngeendlela ezinempilo, ukusekwa kwemenyu kunokuba nefuthe ukuba ngaba abatsha abakukhethayo bangakhetha ukhetho oluphilileyo. Ngokomninimzi wemenyu uGregg Rapp, iivenkile zingasebenzisa iingcamango ezibonakalayo kumamenyu ukugqamisa izinto abafuna ukuzithengisa. Ukusebenzisa iifoto ze-entrees, ukubeka izinto kwimenyu "kwiindawo eziphambili zexabiso" kwimenyu (phezulu kwikholomu okanye kwibhokisi ephakamileyo) zindlela ezimbini zokunyusa ukuthengisa kwempahla ethile yemenyu. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi zicwangciso sele zisetyenziselwa ukukhuthaza ezona zizithandwa kakhulu (kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ukutya okunobuninzi bokutya) izinto kwimenyu, kungekhona imenyu yokukhetha impilo. Iindawo zokutya ezifuna ukubonelela ngemenyu enempilo kufuneka ziqwalasele ukugqamisa izinto ezinamafutha aphantsi, iincinci ezincinci, ziqulethe izithelo, imifuno kunye ne-grains epheleleyo kunye nokutya okungaphantsi kwamafutha amaninzi kunye nokutya okuphezulu kwekhalori.
Ubungakanani bemenyu kunye nokubekwa kwentengo ngezinye iindlela zokutya ukukhuthaza abathengi ukuba bakhethe izinto zemenyu enempilo. Ngokutsho kwe-Rapp, amamenyu amakhulu awanciphisa amandla okuba nefuthe kwizenzo zamakhasimende, ngoko ukuba ufuna ukukhuthaza ukutya okunempilo, cinga ukunciphisa inani lempahla engafanelekanga kwimenyu. Ukukhumbula amaxabiso kubalulekile. Ukunyuka kwamaxabiso phezulu kwikholam enye kuvumela abathengi ukuba bafumane lula izinto ezingabizi kwimenyu, kwandisa amathuba okuthenga. Ixabiso eliqhawulayo ngaphakathi kwenkcazo yemenyu lenza kube nzima ukuba abathengi bangene kwisithuba esincinci.
Qeqesha abaThengi bakho beNkonzo yokuThuthukisa izinto zeMenyu eziMpilo
Kukho izinto ezincinci zokutyela ezinokuyenza ukuze zenze imenyu yazo ibe nenempilo, ngelixa ligcina ukutya kwexabiso lokutya kunye nokugcina inzuzo. Kucacile ukuba i-strawberries entsha inokuphila okufutshane kancinci kunebhokisi leentsimbi zaseFrench ezinqabileyo. Le ngenye yezona ziphazamiso eziphambili zokutya xa zizama ukubonelela iinketho ezifanelekileyo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba abasebenzi bakho baqeqeshwe ukukhuthaza izinto ezinempilo, njengokuba xa abathengi becela iziphakamiso, baqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezitshabalalayo zisetyenziswa kuqala. Abasebenzi basekicini abaqeqeshwe kakuhle kubalulekile ukwenza imenyu enempilo efikelelekayo. Akusi nje kuphela ukuba intloko yekhanda kufuneka ikwazi ukulungiselela nokubonisa izinto zempilo enempilo ngendlela ekholisayo, naye kufuneka aqonde indlela yokuwela khona ukusebenzisa izithako ukunciphisa inkunkuma yokutya.
Ukudala imenyu yokutya ephilileyo akunzima kwaye akudingeki ukuba iindleko zokudlela zifumane imali eninzi. Akukho nto ifuna i-brand-upover. Naliphi na indawo yokutyela, ukusuka kwi-diner yokuzimela ngokuzimeleyo ukuya kwinqununu yelizwe elinokudibanisa unokunika iinketho ezinempilo kunye nokusebenzisa iindlela ezibanceda umthengi ukuba enze ukhetho oluphilileyo.
Imithombo:
http://news.mcdonalds.com/Corporate/Indinyana-Izinto-Articles/2016/How-Drive-Thru-Windows-Changed-the-Way-America-Ord
https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/01/upshot/more-menus-have-calver-labeling-b-ity-rate-remains-high.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5420099/