Imirhumo yokuThengisa kwiiKhokheji zeNkcazo zeNkcazo ezibi kakhulu
I-Canadian Federation ye-Business Independent (i-CFIB) ifake isatifiketi sezinga lekhadi lesikweletu elibonisa uluhlu lweentlobo ezithile zeakhadi zekredithi ezifumaneka eCanada.
Ukhangele uluhlu oza kubona, umzekelo, ukuba intlawulo yomthengi ityala umrhweba xa umthengi esebenzisa i-MasterCard rhoqo i-1.75 yepesenti, kodwa ukuba umthengi usebenzisa i-MasterCard Premium Card Spend High, intlawulo yomthengi i-2.71 iphesenti. Ezinye i-MasterCards kwiHlabathi / kwi-World Elite category ithwala imali ephezulu.
Kwishishini elincinci elisebenzisayo ukuthengiswa kwekhadi lesikweletu se-$ 100,000 nganye ngenyanga, ipesenti yeepesenti ezingama -96 ehlawulwe ukuthengiswa kwekhadi le-premium yayiza kuhlawula i-$ 960 ngenyanga, i-$ 11,520 eyongezelelweyo ngonyaka. Ndiye ndisebenzisa amaxabiso e-MasterCard njengomzekelo kodwa ndikwazi ukukhetha iVisa ngokulula; Iifom zokuthengiselana ngeVisa zilandela imodeli efanayo yamakhadi e-premium asetshenziselwa ukukhipha imali ephezulu yokuthengiswa kwabathengisi.
Iikhampani zemboleko ziye zaxotha amakhadi ekhredithi e-premium. "Kukho inani elincinci lamakhadi kwimarike namhlanje eKhanada, kunye namakhadi angama-200 e-MasterCard kunye neVisa kwireyati lethu kuphela," kusho uDan Kelly, umongameli kunye ne-CEO yeCFIB.
I-CFIB Lobbies yeShintsho
I-Canadian Federation ye-Business Independent (i-CFIB) iqalile iphulo layo malunga neendleko eziphezulu zeemali zokuthengiswa kwekhadi lokuthenga ngetyala le-Canada ngoNovemba 2008 kwaye yaba negalelo ekuphuhliseni iKhowudi yokuPhatha kweCredit and Debit Card Industry eCanada eyaqala ukusebenza ngo-Agasti 17, 2010.
Nangona kunjalo, nangona i-Code apho i-MasterCard neVisa ivumelene ngokuzithandela ukulandela kwakuyinto entle, ingxaki yemali enkulu ehlawulwe kwi-premium credit card transactions yahlala, kwaye i-CFIB yaqhubeka icela, iqhube izilungiso kwiKhowudi eya kuthi:
- vumela abathengisi ukuba bamkele amakhadi eendleko ezantsi kwi-brand enye ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokwamkela amakhadi aphezulu e-premium okanye ukukhupha ngaphezulu ukuze bamkele amakhadi aphezulu.
- nazo zonke iindleko eziphezulu zamakhadi ezikratshi kufuneka zibekwe ngokwahlukileyo njenge-'premium' njengokuba abathengi abaninzi bengayazi ukuba amanye amakhadi ekwereta ahlawule imali ehlawulwe yabathengisi.
- yongeza imigaqo malunga neentlawulo zemoto kunye nemiba ehambelana nabaprofeti.
Ngo-2012 iBhodi yeMqhudelwano yaseCanada ithathe iVisa kunye ne-MasterCard enkundleni ngokugqithisa kunye nokuhlonipha-wonke amakhadi.
I-Case ngaphambi kweNkundla yoKhuphiswano
I-Competition Tribunal "ngumzimba ogxininisayo osebenza ngokuzimela naliphi na isebe likarhulumente" eliva iimeko ezijongene nemicimbi yezoqoqosho kunye nezoshishino ezifana nokudibanisa, ukukhangisa okukhohlisayo kunye nezenzo zokurhweba ezithintekayo (okanye, ngamanye amazwi, amatyala ajongene nemicimbi evela UmThetho woKhuphiswano).
(Qaphela ukuba iNkundla yeKhuphiswano ihluke kwiBhodi yePhuphiswano eyinkampani ezizimeleyo ezomeleza uMthetho woKhuphiswano.
I-Competition Bureau yinkampani ephanda izikhalazo kwaye ithumela ukuba ivezwe yiNkundla yoKhuphiswano xa kufuneka.)
Ingxabano phambi kweNkundla yeziKhuphiswano yayikuthi i-Visa ne-MasterCard babenokuziphatha ngokuchasene nokukhuphisana kwabo kunye neenkontileka zabo ezivimbelayo zavumela ukuba iinkampani ezimbini zekhadi zekrediti zizithethelele ngokusemthethweni abarhwebi (ingxabano enokuthi ingacacanga xa ndicinga ukuba I-Visa ne-MasterCard zenziwe ngamaphesenti angama-92 kwikharityhulam yekhadi lesikweletu yaseKhanada, ukuphatha malunga ne-$ 322 yezigidi zeekhadi zokuthenga ngekhadi ngo-2011).
La magama avumela i-Visa ne-MasterCard ukuba ihlawulise iintlawulo zokuthengwa kweentlawulo ezingaphezu kwama-amathathu kwipesenti kwezinye iimeko, iifizi zokuthi, ngokubhekiselele kwiBhodi yeMqhudelwano, ziphakathi kwezona ziphezulu kwihlabathi kunye ne-R5 billion kwi-kharityhulam yecredit nganye ngonyaka.
I-Wile ye-Competition Tribunal ayinalo igunya lokuhlawulisa isigwebo semali kwiimpawu zekhadi ezimbini zekhredithi ezinokubanyanzelisa ukuba batshintshe iindlela zabo zokusebenza. I-Competition Bureau yafuna abadayisi ukuba bakwazi ukwenza izinto ezimbini ababengavunyelwe ukuzenza:
- wenqaba ukwamukela amakhadi ekwereti aphezulu kodwa usamkela abanye kwigama elifanayo.
- yongeza iirecharges zokulwa nemirhumo ephezulu yokuthengiselana ehlawulwe kumakhadi ekhredithi e-premium.
NgoJulayi 2012, i-Visa kunye ne-MasterCard (kunye neebhanki ezinkulu) zakha isigwebo esinexesha elide esityhola ukuba abaniki bamakhadi benza icebo lokulungisa imirhumo yokuthengisa. I-Visa, i-MasterCard kunye neebhanki ezikhankanywe ngasentla zavuma ukuhlawula abathengisi base-US ubuncinane ubuncinane be-$ 6 billion yezigidigidi ze-USD - kwaye imimiselo yokuhlawula ivumele ukuba abathengi base-US banelungelo lokuhlawulisa abathengi babo xa behlawula ngamakhadi-kredari.
Sigqibo seNkundla yeCompetition
Nangona kunjalo, ngoJulayi 23, 2013, iTrintetition Tribunal yagqiba isigqibo malunga neerhafu eziphezulu zeemali zamakhadi e-premium ezingenasiseko.
Ngelixa icala liye laxothwa kwi-technicality, iSigqeba sasijonge kwimeko kwaye yathi yayiya kunqanda ukukhupha umyalelo kwaye saqaphela ukuba isisombululo esifanelekileyo kwiinkxalabo eziphakanyiswe nguKomishinala sisakhelo solawulo.
Umkhomishinala weeKhomishana wamaPhoyisa uJon Pecman uthe kwingxelo ethi i-bureau idangele kakhulu isigqibo sesigqeba kwaye "Siza kuhlolisisa isigqibo ngokukhawuleza ukuba sinqume amanyathelo ethu alandelayo."
Okunye ukuphendula kwisigqibo
Umbutho Wabathengi waseKhanada "uyamangalisa" ngesigqibo, ebanga ukuba yimpumelelo enkulu kubathengi. I-MasterCard kunye neVisa, njengoko ungalindela, ukuwela kwikampu enhle; zombini iinkampani zikhuphe ngokukhawuleza izitatimende ezidumisa isigqibo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uDan Kelly, umongameli weCanada Federation of Business Independent, wabiza isigqibo ukulahleka okukhulu kwabathengisi baseCanada kwaye wathembisa ukulwa.
I-Retail Council yaseCanada yayidanekile. "Abantu baseCanada bahlawula ngaphezu kokuba bebe kubhaliso ngenxa yeemali eziphezulu," kusho okhulumela ibhunga leentengiso uDavid Wilkes. "Ukufikelela ngaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-6 ngonyaka, ezi ntlawulo zinefuthe elibi kumrhwebi nabathengi ngokufanayo" (iCBC News).
Inkqubela eqhubekayo
Kuphela ngo-2013 no-2014, i-CFIB yaqhubeka isebenza kwingxaki yemali ephezulu yokukhangela amakhadi ngokubambisana ne- Interac ukuqalisa izixhobo zokukhuthaza abathengi ukuba basebenzise imali yeebhanki endaweni yokuthenga ngetyala kunye nokunyanzelisa bonke abadlali bezentengiso kunye noorhulumente ukwenzela ukunciphisa iirhafu kunye nokuphucula ekudaleni nasekuchaseni iingxabano.
NgoNovemba 2014 i-Visa kunye ne-MasterCard babhengeze ukunciphisa ukuhlawulwa kweemali (10% ngokwemyinge), kunye ne-five years frozen. (Qaphela ukuba i-American Express ayinxalenye yesivumelwano.) Ngo-Ephreli 2015, iKhowudi yokuPhatha kweNkcitho kunye neCandelo leKhadi lokuTyala kwiCanada lahlaziywa ukuba libandakanye iintlawulo zamaselula, ukukhusela imali yokunciphisa nokunyusa umyinge weenyanga ezintandathu ukuya ku-auto- hlaziywa. Utshintsho olwenziwe ngo-2015 lubandakanya:
- Abarhwebi baya kuba nako ukuphuma kwiikontraka zabo ukuba inkqubo yabo yokuhlawula iphakamisa amaxabiso okanye ayidluli kwi-Visa / MasterCard;
- I-Code yonke ngoku iya kusebenza kwiintlawulo zemoto;
- Iiprojekti zentlawulo zinokuzihlaziya ngokuzenzekelayo isivumelwano kunye neenyanga ezilisithandathu, ngoko ke abathengisi abancinci baya kungena kwiikontraka ezibi.
Iimali zokuthengwa kwekhadi lokuthenga ngetyala ngeentengiso zaseCanada ziphezulu, nangona kunjalo, kunye neKhowudi ayikhuseli abathengisi ukuba bangayinayina "izibizo" ezingekho mthethweni.
Yintoni ongayenza njengomnini-shishini loNcinci?
Ziqhelise kunye neKhowudi yokuPhatha kweCredit and Debit Card Industry eCanada. Bobabini iVisa Canada kunye ne-MasterCard Canada baye bavuma ukuthobela lo Mgaqo wokuziphatha wokuzithandela owenziwe nguMphathiswa wezeMali ngoMeyi 17, 2010. Ukuba unesikhalazo malunga nokuphulwa komthetho, ungaqhagamshelana ne-Arhente yabathengi yezezeMali yaseKhanada eya kubeka ingaba inkampani yekhadi lekhredithi ayihambelani okanye ingahambelani. Kufuneka ufunde kwakhona umqulu wabo Yintoni Eyona Mgaqo-nkqubo Ethetha Ngabathengisi?
Ungakwazi nokufundisa abathengi bakho malunga neengxaki. Uninzi lwabathengi alucingi kakhulu kwiimali zokuthenga ngekhadi lokuthenga ngetyala kwaye abazi ukuba amanye amakhadi esikwereti axabisa kakhulu ngokuthengelana kunabanye. Buza abathengi bakho ukuba baqwalasele ukuhlawula ngemali okanye ukutshintsha imali kwaye bazise malunga neengxaki ngamakhadi ekhredithi kunye neentlawulo eziphezulu. I-CFIB iqokelele umqondiso wesicelo somthengi ongayikhuphela kunye nokuposa ngerejista yakho yemali.
Upshot
Ngeli xesha, ukuba ibhanki lakho laseKhanada liyakwamkela amakhadi ekwereti, kufuneka ukwamkele nayiphi na iVisa okanye i-MasterCard yakho yokunikezela ngamakhasimende njengenkokhelo, nokuba ingaba ikhadi leprayimari kunye nemirhumo ephezulu yokuthengiselana okanye ayivumelekanga ukuba yongeze umrhumo okhuselekileyo ukuze uncede indleko.