Iingxowa zendlu: Iintlobo kunye noNguquko-Iinkonzo kunye neNgcono
Ukukhetha uhlobo olungcono lomhlaba ophahleni lwendlu kunzima kakhulu. Ukusebenza kunye neemeko zobugcisa ziza kubangela ukuqwalaselwa kohlobo lwesigxina sokuphahla oya kukhetha ekwakheni izindlu nezakhiwo. Izimo zemozulu kufuneka zithathelwe ingqwalasela xa ukhetha uhla lwephahla lokwakha kwakho. Ngokugqithiseleyo, ukutshintshwa kwe-truss eqhelekileyo kuthiwa yi- web configuration , njenge-King Post, Bowstring, Fink kunye ne-Howe trusses, kunye nobukhulu beqhosha kunye nokucwangciswa kwewebhu ngokuqhelekileyo kunqunywe ngumthwalo, u-span, kunye ne-spacing.
Intambo eqhelekileyo ibonakala ngumbono wayo onxantathu kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekwakhiweni kwephahla. Intambo nganye yephahla inomsebenzi kunye neqholo, kwaye kufuneka yenzelwe ukuhambelana nezimo kunye neenjongo ezithile . Kubalulekile ukucinga ngoluhlobo luni lokujonga ofuna ukuba nalo kwisakhiwo sakho sokugqiba xa ukhetha uhlobo lwe-truss roof. I-chord efanayo okanye i-flat truss yabizwa ngokuba negama layo eliphezulu kunye nezantsi lihlala lisetyenziselwa ukwakha phantsi .
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zokuphahla kunye nokuhluka, kuquka i-Arch Frame, iBelgian, Chord Chord, Ingqungquthela, i-Hip Step-down, i-Howe, iCordian Chord, i-Pratt Bottom Chord, i-Pratt Top Chord, i-Heelised Rise, i-Scissor, i-Semi Howe, i-Slope Frame kunye ne-Warren .
Iinkonzo kunye nokuThengwa kweeNgxowa zeMigangatho
I-Parallel Chord Roof Truss
Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukufakwa kweethedare. Ixabiso layo liphezulu kuba lifuna ukusebenzisa amalungu ensimbi ukuba asebenze njengento yokukhwela. Ubunzima kunye namalungu amaninzi enkuni asetshenziselwayo yinto engeyiyo.
Ukugqithisa kwe-thermal ebangelwa yintsimbi ye-steel braces inganciphisa amandla okwenza amandla .
I-Heelised Heel Roof Truss
Le ndlela ivumela ukuba kube nokusebenza kwamandla amakhulu . Olu luhlu lwekhahla luyancitshisa iingxaki zokuxhaswa kunye neemeko zesikhombisi kuba zidala umqobo womoya. Kudinga imisebenzi yokuqhaqhazela kunye neyongeziweyo , eyongezelela kwiindleko zokwakha eziphakamileyo.
Ingenziwa yenzelwe ukukhawulela indawo kwaye inikezele indawo epheleleyo ye-attic yolwazi.
I-Scissor Roof Truss
Kwakhona isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwisibhedlele se-cathedral ukwenzela ukuba kube lula, olu hlobo lwendonga yephahla luyanciphisa iimfuno zesithintelo somthwalo . Isebenzisa amaqhosha aphantsi, angene ngaphakathi ngaphakathi, endaweni yokuba ibe yindawo ehamba phambili. Enye yeemeko zokusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwe-truss yiingxaki zokugqiba imisebenzi yokuqhawula , nokuphakamisa iindleko zokwakha.
I-Chord Roof Truss
Ukudibanisa kwintlangano yesiganeko, kunye nekhondari yesibini engqiniweyo esekelwe ngaphantsi ukunceda ukunciphisa ukuphakanyiswa kwe-truss. Efana neHelesi ephakanyisiweyo, lolu hlobo lubuye ludale umqobo womoya odala izixhobo ezinkulu zokuqhawula . Isikhuphelo seVapor sidinga ukukhutshwa okongeziweyo kunye nokudibanisa kwintlambo yeendonga kunye neendwangu, ukongeza kwiindleko zokwakha.
Kutheni ngamanye amaxesha uhla lwephalahla lucacisa
Maxa wambi i-truss ephahleni ingaba nengqiqo njengoko iya kukwazi ukuhlangabezana nokuqwalaselwa kweemeko ezithile zemozulu ezingabangela iimfuno zeemfuno zokwakha ezizodwa. Ezi zilandelayo zinzuzo ezinokufumaneka xa usebenzisa i-trusses:
- Abasebenzi abanamava angaphantsi bangakwazi ukufaka iintonga zephahla ukunciphisa iindleko zabasebenzi kunye nokuququzelela inkqubo yokufakela.
- Ezinye izicwangciso zingadinga ukuba zibe neendonga ezincinci eziphethe iindonga njengoko ezi zinto zingasetyenziselwa ukufezekisa ixesha elide, ukudala izikhala zokuhlala ezivulekileyo.
- Kukho ukugcina imali kwizinto zokwakha ngenxa yokusebenzisa ezinye izinto ezincinci kunye nincinci kuye kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomqhubi olusetyenziswayo.
- Ukufakwa kweetrasti kunokufezekiswa ngomhla we-1, njengoko kunokwenzeka ukuba kwenziwe ngaphambili ngaphambi kwendawo kunye nokwakhiwa kusetyenziswe i-crane elula okanye izinto zokusebenza zokwakha.
Ingakanani le mali kwaye ungayigcina njani imali?
Kukho iziganeko ezithile eziza kuba nefuthe elibalulekileyo kwindleko ebiza ngayo. Uphando olutsha luye lwabonisa ukuba kwindlu engumlinganiselo waseMelika ipakethe yephahla ingahlawulela kwenye indawo phakathi kwe-$ 12,000 ukuya kwi-15,200. Njengomyinge weendleko zeendonga zeendleko zomsebenzi zingaphahla i-$ 2,300, oku malunga nama-hours-hours ka-112 ama-$ 20.50 ngehora, ukuqeshiswa kwe-crane okungekho i-dollar ayi-700, inani leemithi ezisetyenzisiweyo eziza kuba ngee- $ 10,000 kunye neendleko zokulahla into enokuba yinto phakathi kwama-$ 200 ukuya kwii-500 zama-$.
Olunye uphando lubonise ukuba ukulungiswa okuqhelekileyo kunokuthatha ixesha elingaphezulu kwama-66% ekwakheni kune-pre-fab truss, ukucwangciswa okuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa i-33% ngaphezulu kweemithi kunye neenkuni kunokuphambi kokutsha, kwaye kunye nokulahlwa kwkunkuma kunye nokwahlula kungakhula xa imveli indlela yokwenza isetyenziswe.
Ngokubanzi, kwaye ukuba ufuna ukugcina imali ngelixa usebenza, uphahla lwe-4/12 uphahla kakhulu, njengoko luqinileyo kodwa lucacile, lunyuse ukusetyenziswa kweemithi ngokusebenzisa ubuninzi bezinto zokubala zamatye. I-4/12 pitch ithetha ukuba uphahla lukhuphuka ngamasentimitha ama-4 nganye.