Zonke izityalo zamandla eziphezulu kwihlabathi zisekelwe kwimigaqo yamanzi. Umlinganiselo omkhulu wamandla anokuveliswa ngamanzi uyimangalisa kwaye iyona mthombo oyintloko osetyenziswa zizizukulwana ukulawula zonke iindawo, izixeko kunye neentlanga.
Ezinye iindlela zokuveliswa kwamandla zichanekile, umzekelo, iSityalo seNyukliya sinqithwe ngamafutha asetyenziswayo, kwaye izityalo zelanga ziphela kwimveliso yelanga kunye nendawo yazo. Izityalo zamandla ziyunithi zoshishino ezisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwamandla kagesi. Ngamanye amaxesha ubizwa ngokuba yiziko lamandla ngenxa yomsebenzi okwenzayo.
Ngamafutshane, iguqula enye ifomu yamandla kwenye. Ezi zityalo zamandla ziqulethe i-generator eguqula amandla ombane kumbane kagesi ngenxa yokunyuswa komqhubi kwintsimi yamagnetic. Umthombo wamandla usetyenziswe kulezi zityalo zamandla ezahlukahlukeneyo ezifana nelahle, amanzi, umoya, ilanga kunye nabanye abaninzi. Nazi ezinye zezityalo ezinkulu.
01 - IiGorge ezintathu 18,460 MW yaseChina
Idama ifumaneka kwiindawo ze-Xilingxia gorge, enye yeemigodi ezintathu zomlambo, oya kulawula indawo yokuhambisa amanzi eyi-1 million km2, kunye nomyinge wonyaka we-451 billion m3. Yisityalo esikhulu sokwenza umbane kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo. Inama-generators angama-26 nganye evelisa i-700 MW.
Iimbanezeli ezongezelelweyo ezithandathu kwi-plant power plant ayilindeleke ukuba zisebenze ngokugcwele kude kube ngowama-2011. Xa kugqityiwe kuya kuba nama-generator angama-32 ayenamachiza amancinci (50 MW nganye) ukugunyaza isityalo ngokwawo, umthamo wokuvelisa umbane wodama uya ekugqibeleni ufike kwi-22.5 GW.
Idama lenziwe ngekhonkrithi kwaye i-7,661 ft ubude, kwaye i-607 ft phezulu. Le projekthi isebenzisa i-300,000 yik yikritri, iitoni ezingama-463,000 zensimbi kwaye yahamba malunga ne-134,200,000 ye-cu yd yomhlaba. Xa inqanaba lamanzi liphezulu kuma-574 ft ngaphezulu kwinqanaba lolwandle, i-reservoir yamanzi ingama-410 mi ubude kunye ne-0.70 mi ubude ngokubanzi.
02 - iTucurui 8,370 MW waseBrazil
Yiprojekti yokuqala ye-hydroelectric project kwisiqithi samahlathi ase-Brazilian ama-Amazon. Isikhundla esiphezulu sesityalo se-25 unit unit ngu-8,370 MW. Isigaba sam Iqalo saqala ngo-1975 kwaye saphela ngo-1984 ngelixa iSigaba sesi-II saqala ngo-1998 kwaye siyaqhubeka ngokubambezeleka.
Inxalenye eyinxalenye yedamu leTucuruí liphezulu ngamamitha angama-78 kunye ne-6.9 km ubude bentraki. Ukongezwa kwe-Mojú kunye neCaraipé-ukuzalisa ama-dikes kwandisa ubude obude kwi-12,515 m. Umthombo obanjwe ngamanzi unamandla okwi-45 km³ kunye nomthamo ophilayo we-32 km³.
Inkonzo enkulu ye-Creager-type service spillway ngowona wesibini mkhulu kwihlabathi elinamandla angama-110,000 m³ / sec. Ilawulwa ngama-floodgates angama-20 engama-20m x 21m. I-405m x 58m Isigaba samandla kagunya singumkhonkco kwaye sino-intake kunye neepenstocks. Isigaba samandla samandla siquka i-12 x 330 MW yama-generator turbine. Ubuncedisi bamanzi obuncedisayo kunye noncedo oluncedisayo nalo lwakhiwo izindlu ezi-2 x 20 MW. Idama yenzelwe ukuxhasa ii-lock ezi-210m ubude kunye no-33m.
03 - Itaipu 14,750 MW Brazil / iParaguay
Ngaba ibhodlela le-hydroelectric kuMlambo waseParaná osemngceleni weBrazil neParaguay. Isikhundla sokuveliswa kwesityalo esiyi-14 GW, kunye neeyunithi ezingama-20 ezivelisa ngamnye i-MW nganye nganye ene-hydraulic design head of 118 m.
Ngomhla we-2008 isityalo senze irekhodi ye-94,68 yezigidigidi ze-kWh, sinika 90% wamandla asetyenziswa yiParaguay kunye ne-19% edlalwa yiBrazil. Ihlanganiswe ngama-generator 20, ezilishumi zazo zivelisa kwi-50 Hz yeParaguay, kwaye ezilishumi ezisele zivelisa kwi-60 Hz yeBrazil.
Isitjalo sesityalo saqala ukwakha ngomhla we-Oktobha 13, 1982, xa imisebenzi yamanzi igqityiwe kwaye amasango emigxobhozo avaliwe. Inkambo yomlambo wesixhenxe omkhulu kwihlabathi yatshintshwa, njengoko kwakunamathani angama-50 yezigidi zomhlaba kunye nedwala.
Inani lekhonkrithi elisetyenziselwa ukwakha i-Itaipu Power Plant kuya kukwanela ukwakha iindidi zebhola zebhola ze-210, insimbi esetyenzisiweyo iya kuvumela ukwakhiwa kwe-380 Eiffel Towers. Ubude obude bodama ngu-7235 m. Ukuphakama kwamanzi ku-225 m. Itaipu empeleni iidamane ezine zihlanganiswe ndawonye - ukusuka ekude kusekhohlo, umhlaba uzalise idama, ibhinqa le-rockfill, ibharki eliphambili lekhonkrit, kunye nedonki lephiko lekhonkco ukuya kunene.
04 - Simon Bolivar (Guri) 10,055 MW Venezuela
Ukwakhiwa kwasekuqaleni ngo-1963 kwaqukumbela inxalenye yokuqala ngo-1978 kwaye ngowesibili ngo-1986. Lo msebenzi onamandla onokuzivelisa unokuvelisa izigidi ezili-kilowatts / iyure kumagumbi amabili omatshini. Isityalo sivelisa amandla angama-megawatts angama-2,065 (enye i-megawatt 'MW' ilingana nesigidi esisodwa), ukuzisa idama ukuya kwizinga elingama-215 kumitha okanye malunga neenyawo ezingama-650 ngaphezulu kwezinga elwandle.
Unamagumbi amabili omatshini kunye neenjini ezilishumi nganye, ezivelisa ezigidi ezilishumi kwizigidi zeiklowatts ngeyure. Isigaba sokugqibela seGuri Dam sagqiba ngo-1986; Oku kwavumela idama ukuphakamisa amanzi ukuya kumazinga angama-272 emitha. Ngeli xesha, isityalo sesibini sakhiwe sinezindlu ezili-10 ezingama-630 nganye. Njengamanje, iDam Dam, evelisa i-10,200 MW ngosuku
05 - Kashiwazaki-Kariwa 8,206 MW waseJapan
Isityalo seNyukliya seKashiwazaki-Kariwa sisityalo esikhulu samandla enyukliya kwihlabathi. Esi sikhulu esikhulu samandla sisendaweni engama-4.2 km² kwi-Niigata Prefecture, eJapan ngaselunxwemeni lolwandle lwaseJapan. Iphethwe kwaye isebenza yiTokyo Electric Power Inkampani okanye i-TEPCO. Esi sityalo, esona sikhulu se-nyukliya esikhiqiza i-nyukliya emhlabeni, sasisondele kwi-nyikima yeyona ntshukumo enamandla kunayo yonke eyenzekayo kwisixhobo senyukliya ngo-2007. Yayivalelwe ngokupheleleyo kwiinyanga ezingama-21 emva kokuzamazama komhlaba. Iiyunithi ezimbini ukususela ngo-2009 ngoku isebenza.