Iifayile zeekhonkrithi
Ikhonkrithi isetyenziswe ngamanzi. Ngamanye amagama, iyanzela amanzi kunye neefom e-crystals ezijikeleze iindidi kwikhonkrithi. Ukupholisa ikhonkrithi, ixesha elide le nkqubo ithatha kwaye ixesha elongezelelweyo i-crystals kufuneka iqinise. Xa ikhonkrithi ishushu, inkqubo ye-crystallization ihamba ngokukhawuleza, inika iikristst ixesha elincinci ukuqinisa. Ukuphuphuma kwe-Evaporation kunokuba nefuthe elibi kumgangatho ophezulu wekhonkrithi. Ukungabikho kwamanzi kuya kukhokelela ekukhonkceni obuthakathaka kwi-slab ephezulu, oko kuthetha ukuba ikhonkrithi iya kuba yinto enokubakhokelela.
Ukhonkco Vs. Cement
La magama ngamanye amaxesha asetyenziswa ngokungafaniyo, kodwa isamente isithako kwikhonkrithi. I-samente yenziwe ngamanzi kunye ne-Portland samente, ngokuyinhloko i-limestone ngesimo se powder. I-paste ifom idibene kunye namaqela amakhulu ukuze enze ukhonkco.
Izinto zezulu
Nangona isimo sezulu eshushu sisithintelo esibalulekileyo kunye esibalulekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda ukuba ukugcina umgangatho ofanelekileyo wokunyusa kwikhonkrit yiyona nto ibalulekileyo.
Nangona amaqondo atshisayo angaphezu kwama-85 degrees angenza oku kunzima, ukuhlambulula okuphantsi kunye nokukhawuleza komoya kunokwandisa izinga lokukhuphuka kwamanzi, kwanawo mafutha aphantsi. Ngoko ke, yintoni echazwe rhoqo ngokuthi "ishushu" sezulu xa ukuthulula ikhonkrit ngokuqhelekileyo kukudibanisa izinto ezidibeneyo ukwenza kube nzima ukugcina umswakama kwikhonkrithi.
Ukumisa nokuPhila kwamaxesha
Ngokutsho kweKunivesithi yase-Penn State University of Engineering, ikhonkrithi iya kusekwa kuyo nayiphi na indawo ukusuka kwiiyure ezimbini ukuya kwii-19, kuxhomekeke kwiqondo lokushisa. Liza kusetyenziswa ngaphantsi kweeyure ezimbini kwii-100 degrees Fahrenheit, kodwa kwi-degrees ezingama-30 zeFahrenheit, kuya kuthatha iiyure ezingama-19. Ngeke kubekwe kwiqondo lokushisa njengamaqanda ama-degrees ama-Fahrenheit angama-20.
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba ukuma akuyona into efanayo yokuphilisa. Ukumisela kuthetha ukuba ikhonkrit ifinyelele kwisimo esiqinileyo, kodwa sisadinga ixesha elongezelelweyo lokufikelela amandla alo. Ngokutsho kwe-American Concrete Institute, ikhonkrithi ifikelela kuma-70 ekhulwini yamandla ayo kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe, kwaye emva kweentsuku ezingama-28 ukhonkco ngokuqhelekileyo uthathwa njengophiliswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye i-100% yamandla.
Iingcebiso zokubeka ikhonkco kwiMozulu oshisayo
Ukukhonkxa okubekwa kwindawo eshushu kusenza ngokukhawuleza kwaye kuvelise amandla angaphaya kwamandla, kodwa amandla ayo okugqithiseleyo ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokuphilisa iya kuba ngaphantsi kunokuba kulindeleke. Ukuqulunqwa okuxutywayo okufanelekileyo kuya kuhlawulela le miqathango, kunye kunye neendlela zokukhusela ukukhupha ngokukhawuleza kokuphuma kwamanzi, ukhonkco wekhwalithi ungathululelwa ekushiseni okushisayo xa ucinga ngezi ngcebiso:
- Yiba namandla okwaneleyo ukulawula ikhonkrithi xa ithululwa kunye nenkqubo yokugqiba.
- Sebenzisa ubukhulu obukhulu kunye nemali yeengqungquthela eziqingqiweyo xa iimeko zemozulu eshushu ziyakwenzeka ngexesha lokubekwa kwekhonkrithi. Izihlanganisi ezinkulu ziyakunciphisa amathuba okuba ukhonkrithe uphephe ngenxa yeemeko zendalo.
- Ukuba kunokwenzeka, thintela ukubeka ikhonkrithi emini okanye ngemini.
- Cwangcisa i-batch plant ukufudumala kwee-intanethi ukwenzela ukuba izixhobo zitshathwe ngumthengisi njengoko kuyimfuneko. Amaqumrhu angakhutshwa phantsi ngokutshiza amanzi phezu kwesitokisi.
- Qhagamshelana nomninimzi onokwakha okanye umklami ukuze ukwandise kwaye uphumelele isicwangciso esisebenzayo kwiindawo zokulawula indawo. Xa ubeka ikhonkrithi kwimozulu eshushu, iindawo zokulawula kufuneka zifakwe kwiindawo ezincinci kunezibambiso zeekhonkritha zeqanda.
- Sebenzisa i-sunshades okanye i-windbreaks ukunciphisa imeko ezinzima.
- Cwangcisa ukuba ne-slabs zangaphakathi zithela emva kokuba zonke izindonga kunye nophahla zakhiwe.
- Gcina i-retarder evaporative ilungile kwisayithi xa kwenzeka ubushushu bushushu kwaye amanzi aphuma ngokukhawuleza.
- Sebenzisa i-ice njengenxalenye yokuxutywa kwamanzi okukhonkco, okanye usebenzise i-nitrojeni yamanzi ukupholisa ikhonkrithi.
- Ukunciphisa ixesha lokuxuba xa amanzi sele enezelwe kumxube.
- Cinga ukuhlamba nokuxuba kwisityalo somsebenzi.
- Musa ukufaka amanzi kwikhonkrithi ye-premixed ngaphandle kokuba iyingxenye yoyilo.
- Zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko kufuneka zihlale zigqitywa kude kube ngumzuzu wokugqibela ngaphambi kokusebenzisa. Gcina ama-chutes, abathumeli, kunye nezixhobo phantsi kwephahla xa kunokwenzeka kwaye uphefuthe ngamanzi rhoqo.
- Xa ubeka ikhonkrithi ye-slab, kuqala ungcolise ukuhlaziywa.
- Sebenzisa amanzi apholileyo ukuze unciphise iifom zecala ze-slabs okanye izindonga.
- Ungaqali ukugqiba ikhonkrit ngelixa amanzi esesemhlabeni.
- Ukuphunyezwa kwendlela ephilileyo yokuphilisa ukuvumela ukhonkco ukuba ubeke ngokufanayo.
- Yilungele ukufumana nokubeka ikhonkrithi.
Iingxaki Ukubeka ikhonkco kwiMozulu oshisayo
Xa uthela ikhonkethi kwimozulu eshushu, kufuneka ulungelelaniswe ezinye iingxaki ukuba ungalandeli amanyathelo okufanelekileyo:
- Ubunzima bokugqiba ikhonkrit inokwanda.
- Amalungu angamaqanda angenziwa ngenxa yesimo sezulu eshushu esinciphisa ixesha lokumisa.
- Iimpawu ezinamandla kunye nokuzinza zingancitshiswa.
- Iimvavanyo zoxinzelelo lwekhonkco zingenza iziphumo ezinamandla.
- Ukuqhaqha ukunyuka kwekhonkrete enzima kunokwanda.
- Ukubeka ikhonkrithi kwimozulu eshushu livelisa izinga lokunyuka kwexabiso. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-slab yekhonkriti ayiyi kuqhubeka.
- Umngcipheko wokuphambuka kwe-thermal ukwandisa.
- Ukufudumala kwe-hydration kuphakamisa ubushushu bendawo yangaphakathi yekhonkrete.
- Ukuqhekeka kwe-shrinkage kunokuba bunzulu njengoko ikhonkrit inamandla okunciphisa ukunyamezela, kunye nokuqhekeka kungaqhubeka nokwandisa nokusabalalisa kude kube nzima ukuxinwa kwe-shrinkage.