Amawaka e-Miners ayafa kwizingozi zeMigodi ngamnye unyaka
Ininzi yokufa namhlanje ivela kumazwe asakhulayo, ngakumbi iChina. Imayini yamalahle yaseChina yilezona zifa kakhulu emhlabeni, zibulala umyinge wama-13 abavukuzi ngosuku.
I-China yayingenani elikhulu kunazo zonke zokushona kwezimayini, ukubalwa malunga nama-80% ehlabathini lonke, nangona livelise i-35% kuphela yamalahle omhlaba.
Njengoko kuthelekiswa, ukufa kweemayini zonyaka zokushona kwamalahle zibalwa ngaphezu kwe-1 000 ngonyaka ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 e-US Bancipha ukuya kuma-average angama-450 okufa ngonyaka ngonyaka wama-1950 ukuya kwe-141 ngawo-1970. Umyinge waminyaka yonke kwiimayini yamalahle wehle ukuhla kwada kwafa ku-30 ukusuka ngo-2001-2005. Kusuka kuma-60 ukuya kwabangama-70 abavukuzi bafa ngonyaka ngamnye kwi-industry yaseMelika yokulahleka kwamalahle kunye nokungabikho kwamalahle.
Ziziphi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kweengozi kwiCandelo lokuThambisa iMigodi?
- Iigesi ezinobuthi okanye eziqhumayo ezikhoyo emhlabeni
- Ukusetyenziswa kweziqhushulwa (imisebenzi yokuqhawula) ngenjongo yokuphuka kwamatye
Izingozi zokuvelisa izityalo kufuneka ziphathwe ngokwahlukileyo.
Ziziphi izingozi eziqhelekileyo ezenzeka kwiCandelo loMbane?
I-Methane kunye neCoal Dust Explosion
I-Methane iyimfuneko yegesi ephangayo ehlanjelwe kwiindawo zokulahleka kwamalahle. Iziphene zamatshini ezisetyenziswayo okanye izixhobo zokusebenza zamaminisi ezingafanelekanga (ezifana nezibane zokhuseleko okanye izixhobo zombane) okanye ukusetyenziswa kwezibhamu ezingekho phantsi komhlaba kungabangela i-methane kwaye kuqalise ukuqhuma kokutshiswa kwamalahle.
Ukuqhuma kwe-methane kunye nokulahleka kwamalahle kuye kwabangela ukuba kubekho iintlekele ezinkulu kwiimbali kwaye zihlala zibulala okanye zigibe abavukuzi bangaphantsi komhlaba.
Ingozi eyingozi ye-Courrières, eyona nto inzima kakhulu eYurophu, ibangelwa ngqo yimethane kunye nothuli. Kwabangela ukufa kwabavukuzi base-1,099 eMntla weFransi ngoMatshi 10, 1906.
Ingozi ye-Courrières kuthiwa yentlekele yesibini yokufa kwezemayini; inkulu kakhulu ihlala ingozi yeBenxihu Colliery eChina eyabulala abavukuzi abangama-1,549 ngo-Ephreli 26, 1942.
Iziganeko eziHlanganisiweyo zokuBhujiswa
Ukutshabalalisa kusetyenziswa ukuqhuma kweenjongo zokuphuka kwamatye. Efanelekileyo, kwaye (nakwimeko embi, ngokucacileyo) engafanelekanga, ukusetyenziswa kweziqhushumbisi kunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezinobungozi ezifana:
- I-Fly-Rocks: "Kwiminyaka emibini edluleyo, ukulimala okunxulumene neziqhumane kunye nokufa kwabantu kwimigodi yamanzi kwenzeka xa abasebenzi bebethelwa ngxondorha, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba babesondelene nokuqhuma okanye iliwa lalingcatshiswa kakhulu kunokuba kulindelwe. , izifo ezininzi ezichaphazelekayo zibangelwa ngabavukuzi basondelene kakhulu nokuqhuma, kulandelwa ukutshaya i-fumes fumyi, ukuphazamiseka, kunye nokuqhuma kwangaphambili, "ngokutsho kweNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
- I-Blast Premature: "Ukutshatyalaliswa kwexesha elidlulileyo kunokuba livumelekile. Ukuqhuma kwangaphambili kungabangelwa kukungakhathali, ukuqhuma ngengozi, i-fuse ephosakeleyo, okanye iziqhumane ezilahlekileyo," ngokutsho kweDictionary of Mining, iMamineral, kunye neMigomo ehambelanayo.
- I-Misfires: "I-Misfire ithetha ukungaphumeleli ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokukhawuleza kwerhafu yokutshabalalisa njengoko kuhleliwe." (Iinkcazo ze-Surface kunye ne-Underground Metal ne-Nonmetal Mines, iSebe lezeMisebenzi, ukuPhepha koMbane kunye noLawulo lwezeMpilo (MSHA), i-30 CFR Iziqendu 56 no-57, iSec 56.2, uMqulu 69, Inombolo 124, iphepha 38837-38843.
Imveliso eqhuma okanye i-pyrotechnical ehlala emhlabathini okanye kwi-'muckpile inokuthi ibangelwe yiyiphi impembelelo yokusebenza ngexesha lokumba, ukugaya okanye ukunyathela amanqanaba omsebenzi wokumbiwa kwemigodi, kubangela ukulimala okanye ukubulawa kwezibhamu okanye abasebenzisi. - I-Mine-Inokwenkcenkcesha: Ubunzima kakhulu kwimimandla yeemigodi ngaphantsi komhlaba, ukunyanzelwa kwamanzi kubangelwa ukungazinzi kwamanzi kwimigodi, kwaye kuyingozi enkulu kubavukuzi bonke.
Imigodi ehlala kwimimandla ekhutheleyo, njengendawo ye-andean (eyaziwa ngokuba yenye yezona ndawo zindawo ezimbi kakhulu zeemigodi kwihlabathi), zisengozini. Ukusetyenziswa kweziqhushumbane kunokubangela iziganeko ezinjengezityalo ezinjengezityalo ezinobungozi bam, kunye nezigxobo zabamngcwaba, njengoko kwenzeka kuma-33 abanjwe ngaphantsi komhlaba ukususela ngo-Agasti ukuya ku-Oktobha 2010 kwimizi yaseChile eduze kwesixeko saseCopiapo, okanye ukuwabulala, ukukhukula kwam kunye nokulimala izakhiwo phezu komhlaba.