Iingozi eziNgqalileyo nezingezizo kwiMigodi engaphantsi komhlaba

5 Iingozi ZeMigodi yangaphantsi

Inkathazo ye-Gleision Colliery iyasikhumbuza ukuba imisebenzi yemigodi eyingozi ingaba njani kwaye indlela yokumbiwa kweemigodi engaphantsi komhlaba ihlala yingozi.

Umlilo, umkhukula, ukuwa, ukungcola kwesimo esinobuthi, kunye nothuli okanye ukuqhuma kwegesi yizona zingozi ezibalulekileyo ezixhomekeke kwimigodi engaphansi komhlaba.

Izingozi ezinxulumene nokutshabalalisa kufuneka zongezwe kuloluhlu. Nangona kungabalulekanga kwimisebenzi engaphantsi komhlaba, imiphumo yabo ingaqhutyelwa yindawo yokuzimela kunye nokucwangciswa kwendawo yokusebenzela.

Iingozi ezikhethekileyo kwiMigodi engaphantsi komhlaba

Iingozi zihlala zidibanisa izingozi kunye nezizathu. Ukwenza udaba luqonde ngakumbi luyena kuphela isizathu sokubonisa uluhlu lwezingozi ezilandelayo. Ukuwa kunye nomkhukula wokusebenza ngaphantsi komhlaba kunokubangelwa uthuli okanye ukuqhuma kwegesi. Ngokufanayo, umlilo ungabangela ukuqhuma kothuli kunye / okanye ukukhulula umonakalo onobuthi.

1. Umlilo

Kulo xwebhu "Ukuthintela nokulawula umlilo kunye nokuqhuma kwimigodi" ekhutshwe yiGosa eliPhezulu lezeMpilo noKhuseleko (HSE), ezi zilandelayo mithombo yomlilo kwimigodi engaphantsi komhlaba zidweliswe:

• "Ihlumelo ukusuka:
• - Izixhobo ezingenakuphikelela - abenzi bokuthutha, iigubhu, iivili / ii-axle;
  - Iibhanti zogqithiso ezixubhayo kwizinto ezithile, ezifana nenkxaso yomgwaqo okanye isakhiwo sokuphela komsila, okanye ukuqhutyelwa kwintambo;
  - Iibheki ezithatyathwe kwiinqwelo;

  Ukufunda okuqhubekayo ngokusasazeka kombane

  Jonga kwakhona icandelo malunga neengozi ezinobungozi ezilapha ngezantsi.

  • Injini zangaphakathi zomsakazo - iinkqubo zokukhupha, izibilini zomoya, indawo ezishisayo;
  • Ukufudumala kwamalahle ngamalahle ngamalahle okanye kwilahle eliphukileyo kwindlela esecaleni lobunzima;
  • Ukuvutha kwamanzi kukukhawuleza ukusika imishini;
  • Uomatshini kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza;
  • Izixhobo ezikhanyayo kunye nezishisayo ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zombane kunye neenkqubo zokuhambisa;
  • Izijikelezo ezimfutshane kunye neephene zomhlaba kwizixhobo zombane kunye neenkqubo zokuhambisa;
  • Imithombo yemvelo, umzekelo, ukukhutshwa kombane kunye nombane
  • Iimvula kunye neepononators
  • Ukunyanzelisa umoya okanye ukuphelisa;
  • Impendulo ye-thermite phakathi kwama-alloys alula kunye nentsimbi / isinyithi (...)
  • Umsebenzi oshisayo - ukutsha, ukunyusa, nokugaya;
  • Izinto zokubhema, umzekelo, ugwayi, i-lighters kunye nemidlalo. "

2. Umkhukula

Emva kwe-inrush kwi-Gleision Colliery ngoSeptemba 15, 2011, kwi-County of Wales, eyababulala abavukuzi abane, uMlawuli wezeMpilo noKhuseleko (HSE) wakhupha i-HID 4-2011 ibhengezo ngokubhekiselele kwiMimiselo ye-1979. Lo mgaqo uqaliswe ngowe-1973 emva kweengozi yaseLofthouse, eYorkshire, apho kwabulawa abavukuzi abasixhenxe.

3. Hlala

Ukuwa kwam kwemi kungabangelwa yizinto ezilandelayo:

Ukukhutshwa kwezinto

Imigodi ehlala kwimimandla ekhutheleyo, njengengingqi yeAndean (eyaziwa ngokuba yenye yezona ndawo zindawo ezimbi kakhulu zeemigodi kwihlabathi), zisemngciphekweni. Eyona nto iyingozi kwiindawo ezimbiwa phantsi komhlaba, ukunyanzelwa kwamanzi kubangelwa ukungabikho kwamandla emigodini.

Ukusetyenziswa kweMagxobhozo

Ukusetyenziswa kweziqhubhiso kungabangela iziganeko ezinjengezantyikima ezonakalisa ukusebenza kwimizi, kunye nemigibe yabavukuzi, njengoko kwenzeke kubavukuzi abangama-33 abanjwe ngaphantsi komhlaba ukususela ngo-Agasti ukuya ku-Oktobha 2010 kwimigodi yaseChile eduze kwesixeko saseCopiapo, okanye ukuwabulala, ukukhukula umgodi kunye izonakaliso zakhiwo phezu komhlaba.

Uthuli okanye uGesi Ukuqhuma

Nceda ubhekise kwiZingozi zeMigodi eziqhelekileyo

Ukuphelelwa kweThimbering / iNtloko yokusilela

Isichazi seWebster sinika le nkcazo:

"Ukusebenza kokusekela izixhobo zamatye ekusebenzeni kwam okanye kumashishini ukuxhasa uphahla okanye ubuso bombhobho ngexesha lokucubungula kunye nebheyili. Igama elithi "inkxaso" liza kubandakanya ukubeka imithi, isinyithi, ikhonkrithi, okanye ukuxhaswa kwamatye ".

Unokufumana ingcamango malunga nendlela yendabuko yokupaka imithi ngokujonga le vidiyo. Inxaxheba yeensika okanye iiplanga kubonakala ngokubalulekileyo kwimisebenzi engaphantsi komhlaba.

Ukungazinzi kweentsika ezibangelwa uxinzelelo okanye ezinye izizathu ezingalunganga zingakhokelela kwiindawo ezinzima zokungaphumeleli .

4. Utyholwe obunetyhefu

Xa sicinga ukuba umoya ophantsi komhlaba unqabile kwaye uvalelwe, ukungcola kungabandakanya uthuli, i-aerosols, i-diesel fumes kunye neengqungquthela kunye ne-fumes ekuqhumeni, kunye neerhasi ezikhishwe kwi-rock strata. Ukuphungula umoya kuyisisitshixo sokukhupha okanye ukuphucula kwinqanaba elingenakubungozi.

5. Iingozi zokuxhatshazwa ezixhatshazwayo: Ingozi eQheleleyo kwiNdawo kunye nabaNcinci beMigodi

Njengoko kuchazwe yiZiko leSizwe loKhuseleko kunye neMpilo (i-NIOSH): "Kwiimigodi engaphantsi komhlaba, ininzi yokufa kwezinto ezichaphazelekayo kubangelwa ngabavukuzi basondele kakhulu ekuqhumeni (i-fly-rocks), ilandelwa yimfucumfucu evuthayo, i-missires, kunye ukuqhuma kwangaphambili ".

Umnxeba owenzela ukutshatyalaliswa kwamanzi kufuneka wongezwe kuloluhlu.

I-Fly-Rocks

Abasebenzi ababethelelwe ngamatye, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba basondele kakhulu kukuqhuma okanye ngenxa yokuba idwala liphonswe kakhulu kunokuba lilindeleke, lihlala linye yezona zinto ezibangela izingozi kwimimandla yomhlaba okanye ngaphantsi komhlaba.

Amaqabunga

"Iibhululo kwimibhobho yomhlaba kunye nemisebenzi yokwakha ayinakhathazwa ngokutsha kwamanzi njengabalingani babo kwimigodi engaphantsi komhlaba, becinga ukuba i-fumes iya kuchithachitha emoyeni. I-surface blasters, ke kunjalo, kufuneka iqaphele ukuba imiphunga enobungozi inokukwazi ukudala ingozi kwimisebenzi yabo " (Umthombo: Izingozi zeMiphunga eTyhefu esuka eBlasting, Mainiero & al.)

Iimveliso eziqhubisayo ezisetyenziselwa kumhlaba kunye nokuqhutyelwa kwezinto ezingaphantsi komhlaba zivelisa ubuninzi bezinto ezinobuthi:

Iziphumo ezinobungozi ezinjalo ezinje ziyakwazi ukubonakala kwindawo ephantsi komhlaba. Inkqubo efanelekileyo eyenziweyo, eyenziwe kakuhle kwaye igcinwe kakuhle yintlupheko yokuthintela okanye ukunciphisa umngcipheko.

Imfihlakalo

"Ukutshabalalisa kuthetha ukungaphumeleli ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokukhawuleza kwintlawulo yokuqhuma njengokuba kucetywe." (Iinkcazo ze-Surface kunye ne-Underground Metal ne-Nonmetal Mines, iSebe lezeMisebenzi, ukuPhepha kweMihlaba kunye noLawulo lwezeMpilo (MSHA), i-30 CFR Ingxenye 56 no-57, iSec 56.2, uMqulu 69, Inombolo 124, iphepha 38837-38843

Blast Premature

"Ukutshatyalaliswa kwerhafu yokuqhuma kwangaphambili kunokuba kuqinisekiswe. Ukuqhuma kwangaphambili kusenokubangelwa ukungakhathali, ukuqhutyelwa ngengozi, i-fuse ephosakeleyo, okanye iziqhumane ezonakalisiweyo." Umthombo: Inkcazelo yeMigodi, iMineral kunye neMigomo ehambelanayo

Iimveliso eziqhumayo okanye i-pyrotechnical ezisekho emhlabeni okanye kwi-quck muck zingase zibangelwe nayiphi na impembelelo yokusebenza ngexesha lokumba, ukugaya okanye ukunyathela amazinga okumbambisa, kubangela ukulimala okanye ukubulawa kwezibhamu okanye abaqhubi.

• I-nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
• I-oxide ye-nitro (NO)
• I-carbon monoxide (CO)