01 - Ingeniso-nzuzo akuyiyo yodwa isakhiwo sokwenza okulungileyo
UJim Fruchterman, usomashishini osentlalontle onobuchule, kwinqaku elithi "Uthando okanye uLucre" ( iStanford Social Innovation Review , Spring 2011) ubhala:
"Ndiyakhela i-agnostic: Ndiyakholelwa ukuba izakhiwo ezingenzi nzuzo nongenzi nzuzo ziyakwazi ukuba zizithuthi ezilungileyo zokuphucula uluntu.
I-Fruchterman ithi isiphi isakhelo osinqumayo ukuyisebenzisa kuxhomekeke kwi-motivation yakho, i-market yakho, iimfuno zakho zemali, kunye nokuba ungakanani ulawulo ofuna ukuba nalo.
Naluphi na uhla kuloo miba, nantsi ezinye zeefom zesimo esilungileyo onokuyicinga ngentlalo yoluntu.
02 - IiNtlangano eziNcedo-mali zingenza okulungileyo
Inkampani enenzuzo-ntlawulo inokuthi ithinte idibanti elikhulu lotyalo-mali. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi wezenhlalakahle awuyiyo inxalenye yesakhiwo salo somthetho, inzuzo-nzuzo, ukwenza intlalontle, kufuneka ibe nomsunguli kunye nebhodi ekholelwa ngokuthe tye.
Kuba ishishini, intlalontle inika ithuba lokungeza kwi-mission mission, kaninzi ngohlobo lweenkqubo zoxanduva lwezentlalo .
Ziziphi iingenelo? Kukho ezininzi izinto ezidlulileyo kunye nezenzo ezilungileyo ezikhoyo ngaphandle kwamashishini kunye noxinzelelo loluntu lonke ixesha lokubandakanya uxanduva lomphakathi. Kwakhona, amashishini aneendlela ezininzi zokufumana imali yokuqalisa. Ibhizinisi kulula ukuthengisa okanye ukuvala, ngelixa inzuzo engenzi nzuzo kufuneka ichithwe kunye nefa ezinikwe kwenye ingenzi nzuzo .
Ukungonakali kokufezekisa iinjongo zentlalo kubandakanye ishishini kubandakanya ukuba umgangatho osemgangathweni wezentlalo awunakwakhiwa kwishishini kwaye kufuneka wongezwe ngeenkqubo zoxanduva lwezenhlalakahle okanye iinkonzo zenkampani.
Ukongezelela, ishishini aliyithobeli ikhefu leentlawulo ezingenzi nzuzo . Kwakhona kufuneka kugxininise kwixabiso lentengiso kunye nokwenza inzuzo. Ibhizinisi alikwazi ukufaneleka okanye ukufumana izibonelelo zesekelo okanye iminikelo ehlawulwa irhafu.
Nangona kunjalo, njengokuba abathengi bafuna uxanduva olubanzi loluntu kwiinkampani, abaninzi babo baye babona iingeniso zezemali zokubandakanya intlalo yoluntu njengenjongo. Eneneni iinkampani ezininzi ziye zamkela i-mantra yabantu, iplanethi, inzuzo yokukhokela zabo izenzo.
Ngenxa yoko, sibona imizekelo emininzi yeenzuzo zentlalo efana ne-D.light Design, ezithengisa izibane ze-LED ezinokuthengwa ngexabiso kwihlabathi elikhulayo; kunye ne-Foods All Inc Market, enegalelo le-5% yeenzuzo zayo kwintando.
03 - Inzuzo-Ngenzuzo yokuHlaliswa kweNtlalo
Ezi ntlobo zemibutho yinkampani enenzuzo-ntle kodwa iinguqu ezinzulu ezivumela iinjongo zentlalo. Iimodeli ezindala zibandakanya amaqabane kunye namafemu asebenza ngabasebenzi. Ezinye zizinto ezintsha, ezifana neen-enefit corporations (B Corporations) kunye ne-L3Cs (iinkampani eziphantsi kweenzuzo ezincinci).
Iintlobo ezinokuba lunokuba le mibutho yenza okuhle kodwa iyanandipha inzuzo ye-benefit-benefit. Banikela ngenqanaba eliphezulu leenjongo zoluntu. Baya kuba nako ukufumana izibonelelo zeziseko, kwaye bangasebenzisa ukuqhelaniswa kwabo kwezentlalo ukuphucula ukuthengisa kwabo.
Iintsilelo zingenzeka ukuba ulawulo lukwahlukana; ukuguqulwa kwentlalo kunokuba ngumngeni ngomthetho; kunokuba nzima ukufumana abatyali-mali, kwaye kunzima ukuyidiliza ngaphandle kweshishini eliqhelekileyo elingenasenzuzo.
Imizekelo yalezi zintlobo zoshishino ziquka:
Isizukulwana sesisixhenxe (i-B Corporation) evelisa iimveliso zokucoca ezingenasiphelo kwaye inike i-10% yeenzuzo zayo kwintando
Abenzi bempembelelo (inkampani engekho isisitishi) esineenkampani yokubonisana neenkampani ezinikezelayo ezinika zonke iingeniso zayo kwintando.
04 - Iibutho eziHlangeneyo
Ezinye iibutho zidibanisa iqumrhu elenzelwe inzuzo kunye nokungenzi nzuzo kwi-structure hybrid.
Ngamanye amaxesha inzuzo-ngenzuzo idala ukungenzi nzuzo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inye indlela. Kuloluhlu, ufumana iinkampani ezinesiseko esinobubele kunye namaziko angenzi-nzuzo abeka amashishini afana nawo afumana imali yokuxhasa i-nonprofit.
Inzuzo kwimibutho ye-hybridi ibandakanya ukuba ukudala inkxaso-mali kunokukhusela isimo esingenzi nzuzo senkxaso-ntle; umzali ongenalucalulo angakhuselwa kwiimfanelo ze-subsidiary yayo ngenzuzo, kwaye inkxaso ingathengiswa lula nje nje nayiphi na ishishini.
Iingxaki zibandakanya ukuba kunokuba nzima ukuba ukungenzi nzuzo ukudibanisa ingeniso yayo, ingakumbi ukuba inxalenye yenzelwe inzuzo ngumthombo oyintloko wemali. Kukho ininzi ngaphezulu kuba kukho imibutho emibini. Iimpahla ezingenzi-nzuzo zivalelwe kwaye azikwazi ukuhanjiswa kalula okanye zithengiswe. Kwakhona kunzima ukugcina ezo zinto zihlukeneyo, kwaye kunokuba nzima ukugcina izilungiso ezifanelekileyo.
Imizekelo yemibutho ye-hybrid ibandakanya:
IWilliam neFlora Hewlett Foundation, eyisekwe yiHewlett-Packard Corporation
I-Greyston Foundationwhich isungulwe i-Greyston Bakery, i-Benefit Corporation. I-Bakery inomgaqo-nkqubo "wokuvula" wenkqubo yengqesho. Ayikho imibuzo ebuzwayo. Wonke umntu ozayo unikwa ithuba.
Inqaku elihle kakhulu malunga nenhlangano ye-hybrid nguNgulo Olutsha lweHybrid, iStanford Social Innovation Review (ukuthenga okufunekayo).
05 - Iingenzi-nzuzo Ngomsebenzi ojongene nomsebenzi
Iingeniso-nzuzo kunye neentsebenzo zoshishino ezinxulumene nemisebenzi ziqhelekileyo. Ziyi-tax exemption-exemption that have earned income related to the nonprofit's mission mission. A
Abaninzi abangenzi nzuzo bafumana ingeniso ekuthengiseni iimveliso kunye neenkonzo. Ziquka iithala, iminyuziyamu, kunye neekholeji, nayiphi na ingeniso ezuzwe kwivenkile yeyamyuziyam, okanye ivenkile ye-symphony yokunyusa kufuneka isetyenziswe ukuqhubela phambili imishini yombutho. Ingeniso ayinakuze isasazwe kubatyalomali okanye abanini-zimali, nangona ingasetyenziselwa ukubuyiselwa imali.
Uncedo oluninzi lwalo hlobo lwesakhiwo lubandakanya ukuba ingeniso enxulumene nemisebenzi ayihlawulwanga. Ukungenzi nzuzo kunokuqhubeka nokuphakamisa imali ngeminikelo kunye negranti, kungakhankanyi inzuzo yentengiso yenkcitho yezoqoqosho eya kuxhasa inkxaso.
Iingxaki zingabakho ukuba kubekho i-tradeoffs phakathi kweendlela ezimbini eziphantsi, kwaye ukufunyanwa kwemali kuncinci kwimithombo yemveli engenzi nzuzo.
Umzekelo obalaseleyo wokungenzi nzuzo kunye nenkampani ehambelana nomsebenzi iWorldWill Industries, inethiwekhi yelizwe engenzi-nzuzo eqhuba i-recycling, ukuthengiswa kwemveliso, kunye neenkonzo zokuqeqesha umsebenzi.
06 - iNdabu engenziNzuzo
Kwimveli engenzi-nzuzo, umsebenzi wezenhlalakahle ucacile kwaye awunangqiqo. Ininzi yengeniso iphakanyiswa ngeminikelo kunye negranti, kwaye akukho nzuzo efumana imali. Isiqhelo esingenzi nzuzo singama- 501 (c) (3) uthando okanye i- 501 (c) (3) isiseko .
Iinzuzo ziquka:
- Akukho mpikiswano phakathi kweenjongo kunye neenjongo zentlalo.
- Abaxhasi bafumana ukuncitshiswa kweerhafu ngeminikelo ehamba ngokukhawuleza ukuzalisekisa umsebenzi wezentlalo.
Inzuzo engundoqo yinto yokuba inzala engenzi-nzuzo incike kwi-fundraising yokusebenza. Ngenxa yokuba abaninzi abangenzi nzuzo bafumana ubunzima bokukhulisa imali ngokwaneleyo kwimali yokuxhasa imali, abaninzi baye bafuna ukusebenzisa imisebenzi yezoshishino.
Imizekelo yemveli engenzi-nzuzo ininzi, njengeRobin Hood Foundation kunye noMercy Corps.
UFruchterman, kwinqaku lakhe, uthi iingxaki zehlabathi zinzima kakhulu ukuba zixazululwe ngaluphi na uhlobo lwentlangano kwaye siza kubona ezinye izakhiwo zoshishino eziwela ukwahlula phakathi kweenzuzo kunye nokungenzi nzuzo. Njengoko uFructerman uthi:
"Abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo bayaphendula ngamaxesha atshintsho ngokuvuma iindlela ezintsha zentlalo yentlalo ewela phakathi kweembonda ezimbini zezoqoqosho kunye nezobuhlobo zendalo. Lindela ukubona iifom ezintsha zentlangano ezibonisa iziganeko ezixubileyo ezinobuncwane .... Bobabini ishishini kunye nesebe loluntu iya kutshintshwa kwezi zikhokelo, kwaye uluntu luya kuba ngcono ngenguqu. "