Iimpawu zoShishini loLuntu kunye neMibutho abayifumeneyo
Indlela yokutshintsha ihlabathi: oosomashishini bezentlalo kunye naMandla weengcamango ezintsha , uDavid Bornstein, i-Oxford University Press, ngo-2008.
Abafundi besikolo esiphakamileyo semali engenayo bajongene neenkqubela zokuhlaselwa ukuya kwikholeji. Ienkwenkwezi zemfundo phakathi kwazo zihlolwe ngamaziko, ngelixa abafundi abafumana umvuzo ophantsi, abaqeqeshelwa iikholeji kodwa banamanani amanqaku aphezulu okuvavanya kunye namabakala, badla ngokungahoywa kwaye abafumani isikhuthazo abayidingayo ukuhamba emnyango wekholeji emhlophe.
INgqungquthela yaseKholeji, eyasungulwa nguJB Scramm, iyatshintsha loo mawaka kubafundi kwiingxoxo kunye nokucebisa.
EBrazil, abantu abahlala kwimimandla yasemaphandleni abanako, kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuba baphile kwilizwe labo. Ukungabikho kweziseko, ukudlala umhlaba kunye nokunyanzelwa nguRhulumente kuthetha ukuba izigidi zeentsapho zasemaphandleni zihlwele ezixekweni zikhangela umsebenzi kwaye ziphelela ekuhlaleni izilwanyana ezinkulu, ezisezantsi ezisisigxina apho kungekho ncedo oluncinci okanye ithemba. UFabio Rosa, indoda eqhelekileyo eqhubekayo, uye wanceda ukuhlahlela abantu ababalekela ezixekweni ngokudala iindlela ezincinci zokuzisa umbane kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni aseBrazil.
Ezi zimbini nje zamabali ezixelwe kumsebenzi wokuzimela kumashishini osentlalontle, Indlela yokutshintsha ihlabathi: oosomashishini bezentlalo kunye neGunya leMibono eNtsha , nguDavid Bornstein. Le ncwadi yahlaziywa ngo-2008, ukukhululwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukususela ekubeni igama elithi "usomashishini osentlalontle" liye lasasazeka kuyo yonke indawo engenzi-nzuzo efana ne-California brush fire ukususela kwincwadi yokuqala yokuqala ngo-2004.
UBoorstein, intatheli kunye nomlobi weThe Price of Dream: Ibali leBhanki yeGrameen , ibhala ibali elikhuthazayo, into abiza ngayo, abaphumli abantu - abantu emhlabeni wonke abaphethe iingxaki zentlalo baze bafumane ezintsha, zize zenzeke , izisombululo.
Ukuqhagamshela zonke ezi mabali kunye nebali eliphambili lombutho othiwa ngu-Ashoka.
U-Ashoka, ukudalwa kukaBill Drayton, ngumbutho osesikweni, ofumana iindawo eziphezulu zezopolitiko apho zikhona khona. Xa sele ifunyenwe, i-Ashoka inceda ukuxhasa aba bantu abangaqhelekanga ngokusebenzisa izibonda, kwaye, ngokubaluleke ngakumbi, kunika inethiwekhi yabantu abafana nomhlaba wonke.
UBoorstein, encwadini yakhe ethi, Ukutshintsha njani ihlabathi , inikezela amanqaku amaninzi ekuchazeni okanye ekubeni yintlangano eyimashishini kwaye ichaza iimpawu zabantu abanoosomashishini bezentlalo.
Iimpawu zeeNkampani zoRhwebo
- Ukumisela ukuphulaphula . Le yimibutho ephantsi-xabiso exabisa izimvo kunye nemibono yabantu abakhonzayo. Awuyi kufumana izakhiwo ezizimeleyo, iinkonzo ezisezantsi, okanye iinkokheli ezigxininisa kuphela. Kwi-Childline, inhlangano eyenza abantwana basitalatini baseIndiya, ukuqala kokuqhagamshelana nomntwana kunye nenhlangano ngenye yomntwana oncedisiweyo. Azingabasebenzi, kodwa ziphumelela. Abo bantwana banikezela ingxelo eqhubekayo kwintlangano malunga noko kwenzekayo "emhlabeni."
- Namela ingqalelo . Imibutho yabanini-mveliso iqaphele ulwazi olutsha kunye neziphumo . Ikhululekile kwixesha elidlulileyo lemfundo elifuna ukuzenza izinto endala, la maqela aya kubona iziphumo nangona azimangalisa kwaye angalindelekanga. INgqungquthela yeKholeji yaqala ngeempumelelo ezingalindelekanga zabafundi abane, xa beqeqeshwa kwinkqubo yesicelo sekholeji, bamkelwa kwiikholeji. Ubomi babo buguqulwe ngokuphawulekayo ngokungenelela okulula.
- Ukuyila izisombululo zangempela kubantu abanyani . Le mibutho iyakudumisa. Bajolise kwiinjongo kwaye basebenzise nayiphi na indlela yokufikelela kuyo. Umntu wase-Ashoka eMzantsi Afrika wayefuna ukuphucula ubomi babantu abahluphekileyo abane-AIDS. Xa efumene ukuba i-AIDS yayisicaciso, ngokukhawuleza wakhathalela ngokubonelela ngononophelo lwempilo "jikelele," okwamvumela ukuba afumane abantu abagulayo, abaninzi babo babulala okanye bafa ngenxa ye-AIDS. Oko wayibiza umsebenzi wakhe akubalulekanga.
- Gxila kwiimpawu zabantu . Xa le mibutho yokurhweba isetyenziselwa ukuqesha, ukuqesha kunye nokulawula abasebenzi, igxininise kuvelwano, ukulungelelanisa, kunye nesiseko esinqununu somgaqo-siseko. Iziqinisekiso aziyona impawu ebalulekileyo. Enyanisweni, le mibutho ikhula ngokungazisebenzisi abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo kwimigca yangaphambili. Ngokomzekelo, i-Grameen Bank, enika ama- microloans kubantu abahluphekileyo, ikhetha ukufumana abasebenzi abangenawo amava ebhanki angaphambili. Izimpawu zabo zobuntu zibaluleke kakhulu ... ziyakwazi ukuqeqeshwa kwimishini yezinto abazenzayo.
Iimpawu zoLhwebi loLuntu
Imibutho yabanini-mveliso idla ngokudalwa ngumsomashishini osisiseko sentlalo. Abantu abaninzi abaqapheli ukuba bayabashishini. Bayazi nje ukuba bayazibuza ngxaki ethile yentlalo kwaye bazimisele ukwenza okuthile malunga nayo. Siyazazi njani abantu abanjalo? UBoorstein ubonisa ukuba oosomashishini bezentlalo babonisa iimpawu ezilandelayo:
- Bazimisele ukuzilungisa. Abanini-zimashishini abanakwiinkwenkwezi zeenkwenkwezi ezinjengeenkwenkwezi njengokuba unokucinga, kodwa abadumileyo abafumana umsebenzi ngokugxila kwiinjongo, kungekhona indlela ethile. Oku kuvumela ukuba bavume ukuba into ayisebenzanga kwaye ishintshela kwindlela egcina isithembiso esiphezulu. Ukwamkela ukutshatyalaliswa kwendlela enye kwenza umnini-zentlalo ufune ezinye iindlela.
- Bazimisele ukukwabelana ngekhredithi. Abashishini bezentlalo bachazwe kwincwadi kaBoorstein bahlala betyala abanye ngokuphumelela kwemishini yabo. Oku kunika ubungqina obuqinileyo kunye nabo banceda ukuphuhlisa imibutho yabo. Ukuhlawula akunakho ukulungiswa, kodwa ukwaneliseka kunye nokuqatshelwa kakuhle kubantu abasebenza kunye nabashishini bezentlalo.
- Oosomashishini bezentlalo bazimisele ukukhulula izakhiwo ezisisiseko. Imibutho yamashishini amaninzi iqaliswa ukusuka ekuqaleni kunokuba ikhona. Oku kuvumela ukuveliswa okufunekayo kunye nokukwazi ukubona ngaphaya kwe-orthodoxy kwintsimi ethile.
- Bazimisele ukuwela emida imida. UBoorstein uthi oosomashishini bezentlalo banokusebenza "njengabalingani bezobugcisa," ukuqokelela iingcamango, amava kunye nezibonelelo ezivela kwimimandla eyahlukileyo ezibangele ukulungelelaniswa kwezinto ezintsha, kaninzi, okungafaniyo.
- Bazimisele ukusebenza ngokuthula. Ininzi yeeprojekthi eziqulunqwe ngabashishini bezentlalo aziyazi kakuhle. Ezinye zezi nkokeli zisebenza ngokuthula ngokumashumi eminyaka ukufezekisa iinjongo zabo. Ba sebenza kumaqela amancinci kwaye abafuni ukuvakaliswa. Ingxenye yale nto kukuba zizinikezele kwimisebenzi yazo, kunokuba zimelele.
- Unesishukumisi esinamandla sokukhuthaza. Ngokungafani nabanye osomashishini abafuna ukudala impumelelo yemakethi, oosomashishini bezentlalo baqhutywa yimibono yabo yokuziphatha. Njengoko uBoorstein ubhala, "Ngaba usomabhizinisi uyaphupha ekwakheni inkampani enkulu yehlabathi yokukhwela okanye ukugoma bonke abantwana behlabathi?"
Ukufunda ngamashishini oshishino kunye ne-Ashoka isityhilelo. Aba bantu bacinga ukuba kude kakhulu ebhokisini ukuba kukhangeleka ukubukela. Uzifumana uhlawulela impumelelo yazo kwaye uzibuza ukuba kutheni ungazi ngabo ngaphambili. Ngombulelo, imibutho efana ne-Ashoka ibhekisela kula bantu kwaye iya kubangenisa ingqalelo ukuze sikwazi ukuwagcoba, ukuxhaswa, kunye nokubandakanya imisebenzi yabo njengabaxhasi okanye amavolontiya .