I-Sinkholes isoloko ivela ngaphandle kwesixwayiso. Ngomhla ka-Matshi ka-2013, i-sinkhole enkulu yakha inxalenye ye-resort yaseFlorida ukuwa, ukuthumela iindwendwe ezibalekayo.
Ngo-2014 i-sinkhole enkulu yavulwa phantsi kwembali ye-museum yaseKentucky. Iinqwelo ezilishumi ezixabisekileyo zawa phantsi. Kamva ngaloo nyaka i-sinkhole yavela ngokukhawuleza kwindawo yaseChicago, iginya iinqwelo ezintathu.
Zendalo
Izono zendalo zemvelo zenzeka xa i-bedrock ichithwa ngamanzi, kubangela ukuba umhlaba ungasentla. Ingqungquthela iqulethwe ngamatye e-carbonate, afana ne-limestone okanye i-dolomite. Imizila ephosa ngokukhawuleza emanzini kuthiwa i- karst .
Iifom ze-sinkhole xa amanzi ewela kwindawo equlunqwe ngombala, kwaye amanzi akakwazi ukuphuma. Amanzi athabatha i-carbon dioxide njengoko ihamba emhlabathini. I-carbon dioxide yenza amanzi acace ngokukhawuleza. Amanzi acidic iqokelela ngaphakathi kwidwala, echithayo kwaye idale ukudakumba. Kwezinye iimeko, umhlaba ongaphezulu kwe-sinkhole ugoba kakhulu. Kwabanye, umhlaba uwa phantsi ngokukhawuleza, obangela ukungaphumeleli kwintlekele kweso sakhiwo esiphezulu.
I-Sinkholes ihluka ngokubanzi ngobukhulu kunye nomlo. Ezinye zizungeze xa ezinye zizinzulu. Ezinye zimbalwa ezimbalwa ububanzi ngelixa ezinye ziihektare ngaphesheya. Ezinye iinkolelo zijonge ngesitya xa ezinye zizincama.
Sinkholes ezenziwe ngabantu
Ezinye iinkolelo zenziwe ngabantu. Izimo ezinokubangela ukuba sinkhole eyenziwe ngumntu ziquka ukuphuka kwamanzi, ukususwa okanye ukuphambukiswa kwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba, ukuwa kweemayini elahliwe kunye nokuqokelela kwamanzi emhlabathini.
Sinkhole enkulu eLouisana yenziwa xa ityuwa isuswe kwisityuli sephantsi komhlaba.
Ezinye iinkolelo zibangelwa yimbalela, okanye ngokutshintsha okuphindaphindiweyo phakathi kwemvula kunye nemvula enkulu. Zombini zendalo kunye nezenziwe ngabantu zingabangelwa ngamanzi okanye izikhukhula ezenzeka emva kwexesha elide lemvula.
Umshuwalense
Namhlanje, amashishini amancinci athengisa imigaqo-nkqubo yepropati yoshishino ikhetha "imigaqo yengozi". Le nkqubo ikhupha ilahleko okanye umonakalo obangelwa nayiphi na ingozi engabandakanywa ngokukodwa. Kwiindawo ezininzi zaseUnited States, ukuwa kwe-sinkhole akuyona ingozi engekho ngaphandle.
Ngoxa bengabandakanyi ukubola kwe-sinkhole, ezininzi iinkqubo zepropati ziqulethe ukukhutshwa okuqhelekileyo kokuwa . Ukukhutshwa oku kusebenza kwipropati ewa phantsi ngokukhawuleza okanye emaphandleni, ilahlekelwa yinyanzelo yayo, okanye i-cracks, i-bulges okanye i-sags. Nangona kunjalo, ukungabikho kwemigaqo kwiinkqubo ezininzi kuqulethe ngaphandle. Le ngqungquthela inika ingxelo yokubuyiswa kwepropathi ebangelwa yiyiphi ebangela ilahleko . Ukuwa kweSinkhole kufakwe ngokuqhelekileyo njengento ebalulekileyo yokulahleka . Ngaloo ndlela, ukuwa kwepropati ehlanganisiweyo ebangelwa ukuwa kwe-sinkhole ngokubanzi kuhlanganiswe.
Qaphela ukuba iinkqubo ezininzi zepropati zentengiso , kubandakanywa nomgaqo-nkqubo we- ISO , ichaza ngokucacileyo ukubola kwe-sinkhole . Eli gama lithetha ukutshitshiswa ngokukhawuleza okanye ukuwa kwehlabathi ibe phantsi kweendawo ezingenanto ezingenanto ezidalwe yintsebenzo yamanzi kwi-calestone okanye i-dolomite. Ukuwa kweSinkhole akuthethi ukucwina okanye ukuwa kwehlabathi ibe yintlambo engaphantsi kwabantu. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuwa kwepropati ekhutshweyo kuhlanganiswa ukuba ukuwa kubangelwa yi-sinkhole yemvelo . Ukuguquka okubangelwa yi-sinkhole eyenziwe ngumuntu ayihlanganiswa.
ISinkhole Exclusions
Ukuba uhlala kwindawo echaneke kakhulu kwiintetho, ipolisi yakho yepropati inokuthi iqulethe ukukhutshwa kwe-sinkhole. Amanye amazwe (kuquka neFlorida) afuna iinkampani ze-inshorensi ukuba zinike i-sinkhole coverage kubanikazi beemigaqo-nkqubo ye-premium eyongezelelweyo. Ngelishwa, le ngxelo ingabiza kakhulu.
Umthetho waseFlorida ufuna abaqinisekisi ukuba banikezele ngokukhawuleza ukuhlaselwa kwekhava yomhlaba . Le nkonzo isebenza kuphela xa i-cover cover ishiyeka, ishiya ukuxinezeleka okubonakalayo. Ukongezelela, isakhiwo kufuneka sigcine umonakalo wesiseko njengoko eso sakhiwo sigwetyelwe. Ukuwa kwe-sinkhole akusoloko kubangela ukuwa kwekhava yomhlaba. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba uqhuba ishishini eFlorida kwaye ufuna ukukhuselwa kumonakalo we-sinkhole, kufuneka ufune ukuthengwa kwe-sinkhole.