Ukugcinwa kwemali yokufumana imali, kuba bengabanini-masheya, ngokuchanekileyo utyalo-mali olongezelelweyo kwinkampani egameni labanini-mali.
Iindleko zalabo bafumana imali yokufumana ingeniso ngababuyiselwayo bokubuyisela kufuneka balindele ukutyalomali kwabo. Oku kubhekiswe njengendleko yelithuba kuba abanini-mali babanikela ngethuba lokutshala imali leyo yokubuyisela kwenye indawo ukuze bavumele ukuba iqumrhu libe nokwakha imali.
Ukugcinwa kwemali ngenye yemithombo emine ebonakalayo ngqo yenkxaso-mali yenkampani. Abanye banamatyala amakhulu, ikhefu ekhethiweyo kunye nesitokhwe esitsha esifanayo.
Ukuqikelela iindleko zokufumana iingeniso kunzima kunokuba kubalwe indleko yetyala okanye indleko yefowuni ekhethiweyo. Amatyala kunye nezinto ezikhethiweyo zibophelelo zesikontrakthi kwaye zenze iindleko zenzeke lula. Ukugcinwa kwemali eyahlukileyo kuyahlukileyo, kodwa iindlela ezintathu eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa iindleko zabo.
Indlela yokuCashiswa kweCash (DCF)
Abatyalomali abathengisa amasheya balindele ukufumana iintlobo ezimbini zeentlawulo ezivela kuloo maqokelelo kunye neenzuzo ezinkulu. Izahlulelo ziyimbuyekezo eziza kuhlawulela abatyala-mali babo ngekota, kunye neenzuzo eziyinkunzi, ngokuqhelekileyo ukubuyiswa okukhethiweyo kubatyale-mali abaninzi, ngabahluko phakathi koko abatyala-mali abahlawula khona isitokethi kunye nexabiso abanokuyithengisa ngayo.
Ukususela kuloo miqobo, unokubala iindleko zemali egcinwe ngokusebenzisa indlela yokunciphisa imali yokunciphisa ukubala iindleko zokufumana imali. Ukwenza njalo, usebenzisa intengo yesitokisi, isahlulo esihlawulwa sisitokisi, kunye nokufumana inzuzo enkulu, ebizwa ngokuba ngumlinganiselo wokukhula wezabelo, ezihlawulwa yi-stock.
Isantya sokukhula ngumlinganiselo, ukukhula konyaka kunyaka-mali.
Ngaloo ngcaciso, balala iindleko zokufumana umvuzo kunye nale fomyula:
{Igalelo lokugqibela yonyaka x (1 + izinga lokukhula)] / intengo yesitoko} + izinga lokukhula
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba isabelo sakho sokugqibela sonyaka siyi-$ 1, izinga lokukhula li-8 ekhulwini, kwaye indleko yesitokisi i-$ 30, ifom yakho ifana nale: {[$ 1 x (1 + 0.08)] / $ 30} + 0.08. Ngamanye amazwi, uqala ukwandisa i-$ 1 (isahlulo) ngo-1 + 0.08 (1 + izinga lokukhula lama-8 ekhulwini). Oku kuya kukunika i-1.08, oya kukwahlula nge-$ 30 (intengo yamasheya), ikunike u-0.036. Emva koko faka loo nombolo ukuya ku-0.08 (izinga lokukhula) ukuze uthole i-0.116, okanye i-11.6 ekhulwini.
I-Capital Asset Price Model (CAPM) Indlela
Lo ngumzekelo wezemali olula ofuna iincwadana ezintathu zenkcazelo ukunceda ukufumana izinga elifunekayo lokubuyisela kwisitokisini-okanye ingaba isitokethi sinokufumana njani ukulungiselela ingozi.
- Inqanaba elingenamngcipheko okwangoku kwizoqoqosho. Yiyo ukubuya onokuyilindela kwintalo-mali nangomngcipheko omkhulu. Ngokuqhelekileyo ingabelwa njengomlinganiselo kwi-bill ye-3 yeenyanga-mali ye-Nondyebo.
- Ukubuyela kwimarike. Yilokho okulindele kwiimarike ngokubanzi. Ukumisela le ntlawulo, sebenzisa imarike efana neWilshire 5000 okanye i-Standard kunye ne-Poor's 500.
- Beta yesitokisi. Lo ngumlinganiselo wesengozi se-stock, kunye ne-1.0 emele imarike ngokubanzi. Isitokisini se-10 ekhulwini elikhuselekileyo kunokuba imarike ibe ne-beta ka-1.1, umzekelo. Izitokisi ezikhuselekileyo ziya kuba ne-betas ezingaphantsi kwama-1.0. Uninzi lwezityalo zotyalo-mali ezifana neBloomberg zibalwa kwaye zihlule i-betas kwi-stocks.
Ngaloo ngcaciso, balala inani elifunekayo lokubuyela kunye nale fomyula:
Inqanaba elifunekayo lokubuyisela = Inqanaba lokungabikho komngcipheko + I-Beta x (Izinga lokuthengiswa kwemarike - Inqanaba lokungabi nengozi)
Umzekelo, ukuba izinga lakho lokungabikho kwemingcipheko li-2%, i-beta yakho yi-1.5, kwaye izinga lakho elindelekileyo lokubuyela kwimarike ngama-8 ekhulwini, ifom yakho iya kuba yi-2 + 1.5 x (8 - 2). Oku kukunika impendulo ye-11, oko kuthetha ukuba indleko yemali efunyenweyo i-11 ekhulwini.
I-Bond Ukubuyisela I-Risk Premium Method
Le ndlela yindlela elula yokuqikelela iindleko kwi-cuff.
Thatha inzala kwi-bond ye-firm and add on interest rate rate in premium risk of usually 3 to 5 percent, based on judgment of the firm's riskiness.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba inzala yenzalo i-6 ekhulwini kwaye i-premium yengozi ingama-4 ekhulwini, uya kubafaka nje kunye ukuze uthole iipesenti ezili-10.
Umyinge weendlela ezintathu
Naliphi na le ndlela zintathu kunokubonelela ngokulingana kweendleko zokufumana imali, kodwa ukuba ufumane inombolo echanekileyo, zibalo zonke iindlela ezintathu kwaye usebenzise umyinge wazo. Imimiselo enikezelwe ibangele iimpendulo zepesenti ye-11,6, i-11 ekhulwini kunye ne-10 ekhulwini. Umyinge wala manani amathathu ngu-10,8 ekhulwini. Oku kuya kuba yindleko yokufumana imali yokufumana inkampani kunye namanani anikezelwe kwimimiselo.