Ngaba Ikusasa lezoLimo?
Abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ukulima ngokusemgangathweni kungabangela impendulo yalo mngeni. Ngaba ukulima ngokubonakalayo kwexesha lezolimo? Ngaba iya kudlala indima ebalulekileyo yokujongana nokukhula kweemfuno zokutya emhlabeni wonke? Masifunde!
Uluphi Ulimo?
Ukulima okuqhelekileyo kuyindlela entsha yokuvelisa ukutya kwiindawo ezithandekayo. Esikhundleni semifuno yokulima kunye nezinye ukutya kwinqanaba elilodwa, njengentsimi okanye i-greenhouse, le ndlela entsha ivelisa ukutya kumacandelo atyhiweyo ngokuqhelekileyo adibaniswe kwezinye izakhiwo ezifana nekhredithi, i-container yokuhambisa okanye indawo yokugcina impahla. Ukusebenzisa iteknoloji yezoLimo (Controled Environment) (i-CEA), le ngcamango yanamhlanje isebenzisa iindlela zokulima zasemaphandleni. Ulawulo lokufakelwa kweqondo lokushisa, ukukhanya, umswakama, kunye negazini kwenza ukuba kuveliswe ukutya kunye namayeza angaphakathi ngaphakathi. Ngeendlela ezininzi, ukulima ngokulinganayo kufana neendawo zokugcina izityalo apho izibonisi zensimbi kunye nokukhanya kwezinto ezibonakalayo zandisa ukukhanya kwelanga.
Injongo ephambili yokulima ngokulinganayo ikhuphula izityalo ezivelisiweyo kwindawo ephantsi.
Indlela yokuLima kweeLimi
Kukho imimandla emine ebalulekileyo ekuqondeni indlela osebenza ngayo ukulima: 1. Ukusekwa kwemvelo, 2. Ukukhanyisa, 3. Ukukhula okuphakathi, kunye no-4. Okokuqala, injongo ephambili yokulima ngokubonakalayo ivelisa ukutya okungaphezulu kwemitha nganye.
Ukuze ufezekise le njongo, izityalo zihlonyelwe kwiindawo ezixubileyo kwinqanaba lobomi bombhobho. Okwesibini, ukuhlanganiswa okugqibeleleyo kwezibane zendalo kunye nezixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukugcina izinga elikhanyayo kwigumbi. Iikhompyutheni ezifana neebhedi ezijikelezayo zisetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukukhanya kokukhanya. Okwesithathu, endaweni yomhlaba, i-aeroponic, i-aquaponic okanye i-hydroponic yokukhula. I-Peat moss okanye i-coconut husks kunye neendlela ezingafaniyo zomhlaba ziqhelekileyo kwezolimo. Ekugqibeleni, indlela yokulima ebonakalayo isebenzisa iimpawu ezizinzileyo zokukhupha iindleko zamandla okulima. Enyanisweni, ukulima okubonakalayo kusebenzisa ama-95 ekhulwini ngaphantsi kwamanzi.
Iingenelo zoLimo oluPhezulu
Ukuba nemveliso emikhulu evela kwindawo encinci yokulima ayiyona inzuzo kuphela yokulima okumeleyo. Ezi zilandelayo zizinzuzo ezinkulu zokufama:
- Ukulungiselela Ixesha Elizayo: Ngo-2050, malunga ne-80 ekhulwini labemi behlabathi kulindeleke ukuba bahlala kwiidolophini, kwaye abantu abakhulayo baya kukhokelela ekufuneni ukutya. Ukusetyenziswa ngendlela eyiyo yokufama ngokubonakalayo kungadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulungiseleleni loo mngeni.
- Ukuveliswa kweZityalo eziNyuliweyo kunye noNyaka: Ukulima okubonakalayo kusenza sikwazi ukuvelisa izityalo ezininzi ukusuka kwinqanaba elifanayo leendawo ezikhulayo. Enyanisweni, i-acre engama-yangaphakathi yonikezela umveliso olinganayo ubuncinane kwi-4-6 iihektare zamandla angaphandle. Ngokomqikelelo ozimeleyo, isakhiwo sezitezi ezingama-30 ezineendawo eziphantsi kwama-acre angama-5 ziyakwazi ukuvelisa ii-hekta ezingama-2,400 zeefama eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo. Ukongezelela, ukuveliswa kweemveliso zonyaka kungenzeka kwindawo engaphakathi elawulwayo elawulwa ngokupheleleyo yizobuchwepheshe bokulima.
- Ukusetyenziswa Kancinane Kwamanzi Ekuhlaleni: Ukulima okuluncedo kusivumela ukuba sivelise izityalo kunye nama-70-95 ekhulwini ngamanzi angaphantsi kwamanzi kunokuba kufuneka ukulima okuqhelekileyo.
- Aphazamiseki Ngamaxesha aMazulu angabonakaliyo: Iintlobo zasendle zingathinteka kakubi ngeentlekele zemvelo ezifana neemvula ezinqabileyo, izikhukhula, ukukhukula kwamanzi okanye isomiso esinzima - iziganeko eziya ngokuya zixhaphake ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi. Iifama eziqhelekileyo ezingenanto zingenakunokwenzeka ukuba ziveze ukuxhatshazwa kwemozulu engavumelekanga, ukubonelela ngokuqinisekileyo okukhulu kokuveliswa kwezivuno kulo nyaka.
- Ukuveliswa kweZityalo ze-Organic: Njengoko izityalo ziveliswa kwindawo engaphakathi elawulwa kakuhle ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwee-pesticides, ukulima okuluncedo kusivumela ukuba sikhulise izityalo ezingenasifo se-pesticide.
- Uhlobo lwabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo: Ukulima kwangaphandle kwezilwanyana kunokunciphisa kakhulu ubunzima bezakhono eziphathelene nokulima. Abalimi abayi kubakho kwiingozi ezinxulumene nezixhobo ezinzima zokulima, izifo ezifana ne-malaria, iikhemikhali ezinobuthi kunye nokunye. Njengoko kungaphazamisi izilwanyana kunye nemithi yemimandla engaphakathi, kulungile kwizinto eziphilayo.
Ukulinganiselwa koLimo oluLungileyo
Ukulima okubonakalayo kunesibili kunye neengxaki. Ngamanye amaxesha iziphumo zokufama ngokucetyiswayo zigqityiwe kwaye azinjalo. Ezi zilandelayo ziyimida ephezulu yokufama:
- Akukho uQoqosho lwezoQoqosho: Ukukwazi ukwenza imali ngale ndlela entsha yokulima kusenakuqinisekiswa. Iindleko zokwakha izakhiwo zokulima, ezidibene nezinye iindleko ezifana nokukhanyisa, ukufudumeza, kunye nokusebenza, zinokuba ngaphezu kwezibonelelo esinokuzifumana kwimveliso yokufama. Kwifama ejikelezayo yehektare ezingama-60, iindleko zokwakha zingaba ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-100 zamaRandi. Nangona iifama ezicetywayo ziya kuba zikhangele ukufumana ezikufutshane nakwizixeko, ixabiso eliphezulu le-propati liza kuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwemali kwiindawo zasezidolophini. Isimo semali siyashintsha, nangona kunjalo, njengoko ishishini likhula. Enye inkampani, iNkunzi yeNewbean, iiprojekthi zenkxaso-mali ezixhaswe ngokutsha ezijoliswe kwicandelo lokulima lwangaphakathi.
- Ubunzima bokuvelisa i-Pollination: Ukulima okubonakalayo kwenzeka kwindawo elawulwayo ngaphandle kobukho bezinambuzane. Ngaloo ndlela, inkqubo yokubilisa impoqo kufuneka iyenziwe ngesandla, eya kuba yintsebenzo enamandla kunye nexabiso.
- Iindleko zemiSebenzi: Kwifama ebonakalayo, iindleko zabasebenzi zingaba ziphezulu kakhulu ngenxa yemfuno yabasebenzi abanezakhono. Ngoko ke, iindleko zehora labasebenzi zingaba ziphezulu kakhulu kunezolimo ngokubanzi. Kwaye ubuchwephesha bokulima buza kufuna uqeqesho olubalulekileyo, oluya kubongeza kwiindleko zabasebenzi.
- Imisebenzi embalwa: Ukuzenzekelayo kwiifama ezizimele kungakhokelela ekudleni kwabasebenzi abambalwa. Ukunyuka kwepilisi yombhalo ingaba yinye yemisebenzi emininzi yomsebenzi kwiifama ezimele.
- Ukusebenza kweBasebenzi abangaphantsi: Ukusekwa kwefama ebonakalayo kungabangela umngeni kubaqeshwa ukuba bafikelele kumgca ngamnye. Ukunyuka kumatye aphezulu kuthatha ixesha kunye namandla, ukunciphisa ukusebenza komsebenzi jikelele.
- Ukuxhomekeke kakhulu kwiTeknoloji: Ukuphuhliswa kobuchwepheshe obubhetele kunako ukunyusa ukwenziwa kakuhle nokunciphisa iindleko. Kodwa ukulima ngokubanzi kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokukhanyisa, ukugcina ubushushu, kunye nomswakama. Amandla okulahlekelwa ngumhla omnye ungabonakalisa indleko kakhulu kwifama ebonakalayo. Abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ubugcisa obusetyenziswayo namhlanje alulungele ukuthotyelwa kwamanzi.
Ukulima okuMerika eMelika
I-AeroFarms yenye yeenkampani ezinkulu zokulima ezise-US I-facility yayo yeenyawo ezingama-70,000-square e-Newark, eNew Jersey ibizwa ngokuba yifama ehamba phambili kakhulu. Ukongeza kule fama yaseNewark, inkampani ineminye ifama ezisibhozo ezincinane. Inkampani ikhulise ngaphezu kweedola ezingama-50 ezivela kwii-intanethi ze-Prudential ne-Goldman Sachs. Ifunyenwe ngaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-9 kwizibonelelo zengingqi kunye noluntu.
Inkampani inethemba lokuvelisa ngaphezu kwezigidi ezili-2 zezigidi zemifino minyaka yonke, ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-aeroponics. I-Aeroponics yindlela yokulima apho izimpande zityunjiswe emoyeni kwaye isisombululo sesondlo sisetyenziswe ngombhobho omhle.
Kwisakhiwo sawo saseNew Jersey, iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-250 zemifuno kunye nemifuno zikhulile kwiitrayi ezixotshiwe eziphakamileyo ezingama-30. Iimveliso ze-AeroFarms zikhululekile zizichumisi kunye neertictic. Okwangoku, iimveliso zayo ziyafumaneka kwiivenkile zokutya kunye nevenkile ze $ 3.99 ipakethe.
I-AeroFarms icebo ekwakheni ifama ehamba phambili e Camden, Jew Jersey. Iifama ezili-78,000 zeenyawo zefama zilindeleke ukuba zisebenze ngo-2018. Inkampani leyo ifumana isibonelelo sezigidi ezingama-11.14 kwizibonelelo zentela ezivela kwi-Economic Development Authority yaseNew Jersey. Emva kokusebenza, ifama entsha iya kuthiwa yifama entsha ehamba phambili kwihlabathi.
Isiphelo
Ngaphandle kweAeroFarms, akukho zinkampani ezinkulu zokulima zase-US eJapan mhlawumbi ziye zabona impumelelo enkulu kweliphi na ilizwe. IJapan sele ikwazi ukuphakama ngokubanzi "ukulima njengamashishini" okuvelisa, kunye neChina inamanye ama-80. Nangona ukufama ngokucwangcisiweyo kuyingxenye encinci yeemarike, kukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye kulindeleke ukuba ihlawule i $ 5.8 yezigidigidi ngo-2022, izuza kwiAsia Pacific.
Ubuchwephesha bokulima obuqhelekileyo basesandula. Iinkampani azikaze zivelise ngokuphumelelayo izityalo ngokukhawuleza kwaye zenze ukuba kubekho uqoqosho olunokukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokutya ezikhulayo. Ukusebenza kweefama ezifana ne-AeroFarms kuya kugqithisa indlela ebalulekileyo ngayo inxaxheba ekulimeni ukulima kwezolimo ekujonganeni nomngeni wokufuna ukutya kokutya. Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ubuchwephesha obuphuhliswe kwiifama ezicatshulwayo ziyakwamkelwa ngamanye amacandelo eecandelo lolimo lwama-300 amabhiliyoni angaphakathi, njengendawo yokugcina izityalo.
Izibonelelo
"Ukumba ubunzulu" kwindawo yokulima yangaphakathi kunye neentambo, kukho izixhobo ezininzi ze-intanethi ezikhoyo. Ezi ziquka iYunivesithi ye-Upstart, i-AgTech Innovation Center, i-Vertical Farming Summit kunye nabanye abaninzi. Kwakhona, khangela le nqaku nguChris Powers: 10 Iiplatimi ze-Intanethi ezikunceda abalimi bexesha elizayo.