Kungakhathaliseki ukuba zinokubonakala ngathi zinambuzane ezingenakulinganiswa nazo, iziqhumane ezinwabuzelayo ezinjengama-silkworms, i-whip, kunye nekhilikithi zisenokuba ngumthombo oyintloko weprotheni ekudleni kwakho.
Ingcamango yezinambuzane njengokutya kunokukwenza ukuba isikhumba sakho siphume, kodwa sidliwe ngabantu ngamawaka eminyaka. Namhlanje zidla ngokutsha kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Ukulima kwezinambuzane ezinjengeenkethikiti zithathile kumazwe amaninzi kuquka neThailand, iNdiya, eMzantsi Afrika kunye neKenya.
Kukho uqikelelo oluthile olunxulumene nendlela edla ngayo. Abaninzi abaxhasi be-entomophagy (i-teknoloji yezobugcisa zokutya iinambuzane) bathi inambuzane idliwa kuma-80 ekhulwini kumazwe, ngelixa i-Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kwingxelo ka-2013 ithi i-20 ekhulwini labemi behlabathi bayidla inambuzane. Masiqwalasele ngokuthe kratya kwiinambuzane ezinjengeendlela zokutya ezizinzileyo.
Kutheni Kutya Intsana?
Izinambuzane zingabizi, zondlo kunye kunye nabaxhasi abathile, "ziyancwina." Kukho iintlobo zezilwanyana ezinokutya ezingaphezu kwezi-2,100. Banikela ngeendlela ezininzi zokwenza izinto zokutya ezikhuselekileyo. I-FAO ithi inambuzane ezidliwayo ziqukethe iprotheni ephezulu, i-amino acids, iivithamini, i-calcium, i-zinc kunye nentsimbi kubantu.
Xa unomthombo onempilo weprotheni, amaminerali kunye nezinye izinto ozifunayo ekudleni kwakho, ivenkile yokudlela yaseMaritime inamathuba amava mhlawumbi iyona nto ibalulekileyo.
Cinga ukuba i-100 gram yenkomo iqukethe igramu ezingama-29 zeprotheni, kodwa i-21 grams yeenqatha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-100 gram yeengcambu iqulethe i-gram 20 yeeprotheyini kunye nama-6 grams weenqatha.
Ukongeza kwindleko yabo yesondlo, ukuveliswa kweevenkile zentengiso kunomphumo omncinci kakhulu kwindalo ngaphandle kwemithombo yemveli yeprotheni.
Ukuvelisa ii-akhawunti eziqhelekileyo zemfuyo ngeepesenti ezili-18 zepropati yokushisa i-greenhouse. Kodwa ukuveliswa kwezilwanyana kukhangela igesi engaphantsi kwe-greenhouse, i-methane, ne-ammonia ngaphezu kweenkomo nehagu, kwaye idinga amanzi angaphantsi. Ndiza kubeka ngakumbi ukugcinwa kweenambuzane njengokutya kwinqanaba elilandelayo kweli nqaku.
Imbali yokusetyenziswa kweNtsholongwane
Njengoko kuchaziwe ngentla, inambuzane idliwe ngabantu iminyaka eyiwaka, ukususela kwixesha labazingeli bamandulo nabahlanganisi. Umkhuba wawuqhubeka nokuguquka nempumelelo. AmaGrike namaRoma ayeyaziwa ukuba adle kwiinkumbi kunye nezibungu ze-beetle. Esinye isazi sefilosofi esingumGrike nesosayensi saye sabhala malunga nokuvuna iicicas ezihlwaya. Kwaye naseTestamente Endala, uSt. Yohane uMbhaptizi uchaza indlela awayephila ngayo kwizinyosi kunye neenkumbi xa wayehlala entlango enzulu.
Ama-algeriya mandulo ayesebenzisa ukutya kweenkumbi njengomthombo ongezantsi kwaye unondlo wokutya. Bawapheka ngamanzi etyuwa kwaye bawumise elangeni. Abase-Australia base-Australia basebenzisa ukutya okwenziwe ngeebhu. Baya kudla i-grubs kunye neentsana ze-honeypot.
Ziziphi Ihlabathi Ezidla Iinqununu?
EMexico, eBrazil, eGhana, eThailand, eChina, eNetherlands nase-United States ngamanye amazwe apho ukutya kwezilwanyana kuqhutyelwa khona.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, iMexico yilizwe apho ukusetyenziswa kwezigulane kukuthandwa kakhulu. Uza kufumana ezininzi izidlo ezidliwayo ezifana nama-worms-covered with worms, ezikhunjulwe ngamakhumbi, kunye namaqanda anqabileyo. AmaBrazil anqwenela ukuqokelela iintuthwane, ususe amaphiko kunye nefry uze uwadle. Bakuthanda izintuthwane ezityiwe nge tsholatshi. Kubo, iintuthwane zilula nje nje njengeinti. Ukutya okugqithisileyo kunesidanga eside kwiindawo ezininzi zelo lizwe.
Okumangalisa kukuba, inambuzane ifikelela kuma-60 ekhulwini kwiprotheyini yokutya kwindawo yaseAfrika. Iimpawu zithandwa kakhulu, ngakumbi eGhana. Kuthiwani ngokutya okumnandi? Ukutya iikhilikithi, iinkumbi kunye neentlobo ezininzi zeempethu zenza le nxaxheba eThailand. Iifama ezininzi zaseThailand zikhonza iibhogi ezifusiwe kunye nezidlo zazo. EChina, izibungu ze-silkworm ze-moth, kunye nezibungu ze-bee ezigayiweyo zizinto ezimbini eziqhelekileyo kwizidlo zokutya.
Ukutya izigulane eUnited States
I-imboni yezilwanyana ezidliwayo zase-United States sele ibhalise i-$ 20 yezigidi ngonyaka kwiintengiso, kubonakala ngathi kukho ithuba lokukhula. Nangona kungekabikho isenzo esithandwayo, abaninzi abenzi bokutya bayamkholisa iMelika ukuba badle izigulane ngokufundisa abantu ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zempilo kunye nezosingqongileyo ezinxulumene nomsebenzi.
Isobho se-Silkworm kunye ne-tacos ezinqabileyo zifumaneka kwiindawo zokudlela zaseSan Francisco, eNew York naseWashington. Kungekudala, i-Exo, ibhanti yeprothetti yekhenyethi, iphakanyiswe ngaphezu kweedola ezigidi ezi-4 ezivela kubarhwebi-zimali abakhulu, ihoxisa amanqaku amaninzi ehlaziyiweyo, okuyi-Bug-themed njenge-You Will Eat Bugs. Aba batyali-mali baBhejisa kwii-Million kwi-It. Izixhobo ezinkulu zokutya ezinambuzane ezinjenge-Exo, Chirap, ne-Chapul zonke iinkcukacha kwiipakethe zazo ukuba iimveliso zabo zi-gluten-free. Exo kunye neChapul zichaze ukuba iimveliso zabo aziqukethe ubisi okanye isobho. Abanye abalandeli be-Paleo yokutya eMelika sele besidla i-cricket powder protein bars. Kubafundi be-crossFit kunye ne-weightlifters, iprotheni yinto ephambili kwaye iinkampani ezifana ne-Exo zifumana inkxaso kubantu abanjalo. Nangona kungengasasazeka, kodwa ukutya izimbungulu kuqhubekile kakhulu kwi-US
Ukugcinwa kweeNtsana njengeZokudla
Ngokutsho kwiphando olutshanje oluvela kwiYunivesithi yaseCopenhagen, izinambuzane zizinzileyo kakhulu, ngakumbi kunokuba inyama ibe ngumthombo weprotheni. Yaye ngokutsho kwe-UN, i-industry yezilwanyana emhlabeni jikelele ibangele ngaphezu kwe-14,5 ekhulwini kwi-global greenhouse gas emissions. Ngokuthelekiswa, ukuveliswa kwekhenyethi ngamaxesha angama-20 asebenza kakuhle njengeprotheyini imvelaphi kuneenkomo, kwaye ivelisa ngamaxesha angama-80 ngaphantsi kweemethane. Ukongezelela, inambuzane inokukhula kwimfucuza yemvelo, ivumela abalimi ukuba banciphise ukutshala okusanhlamvu ezisetyenziselwa ukutya kwezilwanyana ezifuna uninzi lwamandla kunye nezibonelelo zamanzi.
Ukukhuliswa kwezinambuzane kudinga ukutya okungaphantsi kokunyusa inyama. Ngokomzekelo, inambuzane idla iipilisi ezingama-2 zondlo ukuvelisa i-1 pounds yenyama, ngelixa iinkomo zifuna iipounds eziyi-8 zokutya ukuze zenze i-1 pounds yenkomo, i-FAO. Yingakho i-UN ifuna ukutshintshela i-burgers yezigulane.
Ukulima kwezilwanyana kubangela ingqiqo yezoqoqosho. Njengoko iinambuzane zibandayo, zifuna amandla amancinci ukuba ahlale efudumele. Oku kunceda ukucacisa ukuba kutheni baphumelela ngakumbi ekuguquleleni ukutya kwiprotheni. Cinga ukuba iikhilikithi zidinga ukondla kathathu ngaphantsi kweegusha, amaxesha angaphantsi kwama-12 ngaphantsi kweenkomo kunye nesiqingatha kangako njengezinkukhu kunye neengulube ukuvelisa inani elifanayo leprotheni. Ngelixa abantu abaninzi besengxakini ekucingeni ukutya izigulane, baninzi bayabonakala njengeprotheyini efanelekileyo yokutya kwexesha elizayo. Cinga ukuba ngo-2050, uluntu lwabantu kulindeleke ukuba lifike kwiibhiliyoni ezili-9. Ukukhawuleza kwindlela yokutya eqhubekayo yokusebenzisa iiprotheyini ezinjengokunikezelwa ngumbono wokunyuka kwamanzi.
Amathuba kunye neengxaki kwi-Insect Farming
Ukuqhubeka, ukunyuka kweemfuno zamaprotheni, kunye neendlela ezincinci zokuncedisa ukutya kunye neeprotheyini zezi zizathu zokuqala kwehlabathi zifuna ukuseka amashishini ezolimo ezinambuzane. I-Ynsect, inkampani yokufama yezilwanyana evela eFransi, ikhulise ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-37 zezimali. I-AgriProtein, isiqalo esivela eMzantsi Afrika, iqokelele i-$ 30 yezigidi ngemali ngoku. Utyalo-mali obalulekileyo luza kule shishini elitsha.
Kodwa ishishini alikho ngaphandle kwesabelo sayo semingeni. Ukungathandeki, ukunyaniseka okanye ukwesaba abantu abaninzi ekudleni izinambuzane kuya kufuna ukuguqulwa okukhulu kwimbono yomphakathi. Ngenxa yokuchasana kwindawo yokuthengisa, umrhwebi osenokwenzeka kufuneka ahlangabezane nemiba yokusebenza yokuqalisa ukusebenza kwemveliso yegciwane kunye nokuzama ukufundisa abathengi malunga neenzuzo zokutya ezinambuzane kwaye uyabaqinisekisa ukuba bazame.
Isiphelo
Ngonaxa ukutya izilwanyana kungumthombo weprotoyini ozinzileyo wexesha elizayo, kuya kuthatha ixesha lokuphuhlisa inkcubeko apho abantu baya kuziva bekhululekile ekudleni izinambuzane njengokutya kwezinye ukutya. Mhlawumbi ukuveliswa kwemveliso enkulu kunye nokwamkelwa kwamatye kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi, okanye ngamanye amaqela ase-US, kunokunceda ukutya okusekelwe kwintsholongwane ukuba kuthatyathwe kancane kancane njengomthombo weprotheni wemihla ngemihla. Akuyi kuba nomdla omkhulu kuphela kodwa kuphuthuma ukujonga indlela iinkampani ezintsha zokufama zezilwanyana ezisebenza ngayo kwiminyaka emibini elandelayo. Mhlawumbi kuya kuba nenjongo yokuguqulwa apho i-shishini elikhulayo nelikhulayo kwaye liza kudibanisa umthengi palette.