Imvelaphi yekota "iNkunzi"
Iingcambu zegama elithi "capital" libuyela kwisiLatini, apho eli ligama laliyi- capitāle, elithetha ubutyebi. Kamva kamva, ngekhulu le-19 leminyaka ngexesha loPhuculo lwezoBugcisa, inkunzi-mali yaqala ukusetyenziswa njengesiseko samanye amagama. Ngokomzekelo, i- apitalism " yinkqubo apho ubutyebi kunye nepropati (inkunzi) ziphantsi komntu wabucala kunokuba zikarhulumente.
Olunye ixesha elisusela kwigama elithi "capital" lithetha "ngongxowankulu." I-capitalist, ngokwemigqaliselo elula, ngumntu ogcina imali ekwenzeni imali ethe xaxa - "inzuzo" (ngeniso engenayo).
Inkunzi kwiBhishini
Abanikazi bezentengiselwano, ngcaciso, abaxhamli bezimali, ngenxa yokuba banenkunzi. Le nkunzi inesimo sempahla (izinto zexabiso). Inkunzi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yobunini bezoshishino kuba amashishini kufuneka asetyenzise i-asethi ukudala iimveliso kunye neenkonzo zokuthengisa abathengi.
- Ixabiso liyinkokhelo yemali kunye nezinye izinto eziphathwe ishishini. Ezi zinto zoshishino ziquka i-akhawunti efunyenweyo, izixhobo kunye nomhlaba / izakhiwo zoshishino.
- Inkunzi ingaphinda ibonise ubutyebi obuqokelelwayo boshishino, olumelelwe yimpahla yalo .
- Inkunzi ingathetha ukuba i-stock okanye ubunikazi kwinkampani. I-capitalist nayo ingumgcini - zimpahla.
Ulwakhiwo loLuntu lweShishini
Isakhiwo esiphezulu soshishini kukuxutyaniswa kweentlobo zeetyala kunye nokulingana nenkampani enayo kwi-bhanki layo.
Inkunzi okanye ubunini boshishino banokuvavanywa ngokukwazi ukuba ubunini bebuntwini bunetyala kunye nokuba bangakanani kwi-equity. Isakhiwo semali ngamanye amaxesha sibhekiswa njengetyala lenkampani kwi-equity ratio.
Imali esetyenzisiweyo kwiMinye imigomo yezoshishino
Ezinye iziganeko ezihambelanayo ezibhekiselele kwigama elithi "capital" kwiimeko zoshishino zi:
Ukuzuza kwexabiso kunye nokulahleka kukunyuka okanye kuhla kwexabiso lentengo kunye nezinye iimpahla zokuthengisa xa zithengiswa. Iintlawulo zentengo ezuzisayo zihlawulwa kwiintengo ezinkulu, kwizinga elihlukileyo ukusuka kwiintlobo eziqhelekileyo zoshishino.
Ukuphuculwa kwenkunzi kukuphuculwa okwenziwe kwiimpahla eziyinkunzi, ukwandisa ubomi obuncedo, okanye ukongeza kwixabiso lezinto. Ukuphuculwa kwenkunzi kungabakho ukuphuculwa kwesakhiwo okanye ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo, okanye kunokuphucula ukusetyenziswa okanye ukuvelisa.
Ukuphuculwa kwenkunzi, okufuneka ukuba yenziwe , ihlukaniswe nokulungiswa kwexabiso elincinci, elincinane kwimvelo. Ngokomzekelo, ezi zilandelayo ziqwalaselwa njengokulungiswa okudlulileyo:
- udonga kunye nepeyinti
- ukuthungatha
- ukulungisa uphahla
- ukulungisa iplita
- ukutshintsha iindonga zokulondoloza, i-tuck ekhomba
Ezi zinto ziqwalaselwa njengeziphuculo ezinkulu:
- ukufaka iingcango ezintsha okanye iifestile okanye ukufaka indawo yengcango kunye neefestile
- ukutshintsha uphahla
- ukufakela i-air conditioning okanye inkqubo yokuphuphuma umoya
- ukufaka inkqubo ye-alarm alarm
- ukuphucula isithuba sangaphambili
Iindleko zokuqalisa ukuqhuba ishishini nazo zibhekwa njengengxowamali
Intengo-mali iyimali yabucala (utyalo-mali-mali) olunikezwa ngabanye okanye ngamashishini kumashishini amashishini amatsha.
Ukuqeshiswa kwengxowa-mali kukuqeshisa izixhobo zoshishino ezimela ubunikazi kwaye kubonakaliswe kwiphepha le- bhanki njengempahla.
Igalelo eliyinkunzi ngumnikelo wentengo, ngemali yempahla okanye kwipropati, kwishishini ngumnini, umlingane, okanye umnini-mali. Igalelo landisa inzala yomlingani kumashishini.