Ukulima kwezinto eziphilayo kunokuba luncedo, kwaye ukutya kokutya kubhenkco kubathengi njengokhetho olufanelekileyo kunye nokuziphatha. Ngaphandle kwemali kunye nokuziphatha, nokuba kunjalo, ukulima kwezolimo kubangele inzuzo eninzi yendalo.
01 - Ukulima Kwezinto Eziphilayo Ukukhupha Ukubonakaliswa Kwemvelo Kwimichiza Neekhemikhali
- Iipraticides zivumela ukuchaswa kwezifo ukwakha kwizityalo, ukhula, iintlobo zokutya izityalo, iifungi kunye neebhaktheriya.
- Iiproticides kunye neekhemikhali ezifuthwa kwizityalo zihlambela umhlaba, ukunikezelwa kwamanzi kunye nomoya. Ngamanye amaxesha inkunkuma yezilwanyana ezinobungozi inamathele kumashumi eminyaka (mhlawumbi idele).
- Iimveliso zamachiza zidibanisa iindlela zokulima ezizimeleyo ezifana nezityalo ezikhuselekileyo kunye nokujikeleza kwezityalo, okubangela ukuba ezinye iingxaki zendalo zonakalise ukukhukhula.
02 - Ukulima kweeMveliso kubumba umhlaba onempilo
Ukuze ukhule ukutya okunempilo, kufuneka uqale ngomhlaba onempilo. Ukuba uyiphatha umhlaba ngezobisi ezinobungozi kunye neekhemikhali, ungagqiba nomhlaba ongeke uphumelele. Izityalo zokulima zendalo zilunge ngakumbi kunokuba ulawulo lomhlaba lwamayeza.
Isifundo esikhulu sonyaka we-9 ku-USDA yeeNkonzo zoPhando lwezoLimo (i-ARS), sibonisa ukuba ulimo lwendalo luyakha into engcono yomhlaba engcono kunezolimo ezingaqhelekanga.
Ngokutsho kukaDkt. Elaine Ingham, i-teaspoon enye yomhlaba ocebileyo womquba unokusingatha izigidi ezili-600 ukuya kwezigidi eziyi-1 eziphilayo ezinobomi ezi-15,000. Ingham uqaphele ukuba kwicala le-flip, elinye ithispoon yomhlaba elaphathwa ngamakhemikhali linokuthatha ubuncinane njengama-bacterium angama-100.
03 - Ukulima Kwezinto Eziphilayo Ukunceda Ukulwa Nama-Erosion
Akusebenzi nje ukulima kwezolimo kubandakanya umhlaba onempilo, kodwa kunceda ukulwa nemicimbi enzulu yomhlaba kunye nomhlaba, njengokukhukhula.
Uluhlu oluthile oluthelekiswayo oluhambelanayo nolunye uhlobo lweengqolowa eziphathekayo lwengqolowa lubonakalisa ukuba insimu yezinto eziphilayo yayineentsike ezisibhozo ezingaphezulu kweentsimi ezingapheliyo kwintsimi ephathwe ngamakhemikhali kwaye ibe neyodwa yesithathu ukulahleka kwehlabathi.
Ukuba awukhathazeki malunga nokukhukuliseka komhlaba; u fanele ube. Imiba ye-Erosion iyingozi kakhulu, ichaphazela umhlaba, ukutya kunye nabantu. Nangona kunjalo, iindlela zokulima eziphilayo zikunceda ukuphazamisa ukuguguleka kokungabikho.
04 - Ukulima Kwezinto Eziphilayo Ukulwa Neempembelelo Zokufudumala Kwehlabathi
I-Rodale Institute Farming Farming Systems Uvavanyo lweMelika olude kunabo bonke, ukuthelekiswa ngokubhekiselele kwimiba yezolimo kunye nezolimo. Ulingo, olusebenza ukususela ngo-1981, lubonise ukuba inkqubo yezolimo ephilileyo inganciphisa i-carbon dioxide kwaye inokunceda utshintsho lwemozulu. Enyanisweni, uphando lukaRudale lubonisa ukuba:
"Ukuba kuphela iifama ezili-10 eziqhelekileyo e-US ziguqulelwe kwimveliso yezinto eziphilayo, ziza kugcina i-carbon engaphezulu kwihlabathi ukuba iyafana nokuthatha iimoto eziyi-1,174,400 endleleni, okanye ukunciphisa iililesi zeemoto ezihamba ngeekhilomitha ezingama-14.62."
- Umhlaba: Ukunciphisa, ukunciphisa, nokulungelelanisa ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nezolimo (Organic Agriculture) (pdf)
05 - Ukulima kweZityalo kuNcedisa ukuLondolozwa kwamanzi kunye neMpilo yamanzi
Ukunciphisa ukubonelelwa kwamanzi kunye nempilo yamanzi embi kakhulu yingozi. Xa ukubonelelwa kwamanzi kusengozini, abantu kunye neeplanethi ziphela ukuhlupheka.
Amanzi aseMerika athi amaninzi angcoliseko lwamanzi kwimifula yaseU.S. iqhuma kwiifama ezingezizo, ezifana nezidakamizwa ezinobungozi, izichumisi ezityhefu kunye nenkunkuma yezilwanyana. Ukulima kwe-Organic kukunceda ukugcina amanzi ethu ahlambulule ngokumisa ukuhlaselwa okungcolileyo.
Ulimo lwe-Organic luza kunceda nokugcina amanzi. Amafama angama-organic, ngokuqhelekileyo, athambe ukuchitha ixesha elungisa umhlaba ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokusebenzisa umlenze-zombini uncedo lokugcina amanzi. Ikhokothi, isityalo esinqunyiwe, sidinga uninzi lokunkcenkceshela kunye namanzi amaninzi xa ikhulile. Nangona kunjalo, ukufama kwe-cotton kulindeleke kunkcenkceshelo oluncinci kwaye ngaloo ndlela ulondoloze amanzi.
06 - Ukulima kweZityalo kuphazamisa i-Algae Blooms
I-Algal blooms (HABs) kubangele imiphumo emibi kwimpilo yabantu kunye nezilwanyana zasolwandle kunye nezinto eziphilayo. I-Algal blooms nayo ichaphazela kakubi ukhenketho, ukhenketho kwaye ngoko, uqoqosho lwengingqi nolommandla. Nangona kunezizathu ezingaphezulu kweyodwa yezizathu ze-algal blooms, imbangela esekelwe ngumntu we-algae blooms iphuma kwi-petroleum-based based fertilizers esetyenziswa rhoqo kwifama eqhelekileyo.
07 - Ukulima kweZityalo kuNcedisa iMpilo yezilwanyana kunye neNtlalontle
Izinambuzane, iintaka, iintlanzi kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zabanye abahlalutyi bafumana iingxaki xa abantu bexhamla kwaye bachithe indawo yabo yendalo.
Ukulima okwenyama kungabinceda kuphela ukugcina indawo eninzi yokuhlala kwendalo kodwa kukhuthaza iintaka kunye nezinye izidalwa zendalo ukuba ziphile ngokuzonwabisa kwimihlaba yasemaphandleni.
Ukongezelela, izilwanyana ezihlala kwiifama eziphilayo zibonakaliswe kukutya okuhlambulukileyo, okungabikho kwemichiza okubanceda ukuba bahlale bephilile kwaye banqande ukugula. Njenge-perk yeefama zasemhlabeni, izilwanyana ezinobomi kunye neziphilileyo zizilwanyana eziphilayo ezivelisayo.
08 - Ukulima kweZityalo kukhuthaza ukuHlukana kwezinto eziphilayo
Ngokubanzi, iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zikhoyo kwifama, ngakumbi ifama. Ulimo lwezinto eziphilayo lukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphilayo eziphilileyo, ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuxhaseni, okanye kungenjalo, ifama yimiba efana nemimozulu embi, izifo kunye neentlanzi.
Ukongezelela, ukunciphisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunokubambisana ngqo nokunyuka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo, okuqinisekileyo, akulungele abantu okanye iplanethi.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi malunga neentlobo zezinto eziphilayo, khangela incwadi ethi Organic Farming Manual ka-Ann Larkin Hansen-isahluko 13 ngokumalunga nokugcina nokukhuthaza iintlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana ezahlukeneyo kwiifama eziphilayo.