Umthengi kunye nomthengisi kufuneka bazi apho ingozi iqala kwaye iphelile, ngubani ojongene nento (umzekelo, iindleko kunye namaxwebhu), ngubani onayo kunye nokuba yeyiphi indawo.
Kwaye nangona kukho imida epheleleyo yokusetyenziswa kwamanye amazwe, siya kugxila kwiimimiselo zorhwebo zasemzini eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswe nguMthetho we-International Chamber of Commerce's Incoterms.
Ingaba ungumngenisi, umthengisi, umthengisi, umcebisi, ummeli, u-bhanki, umthumeli, umshwalense okanye umnqweno wokurhweba wezoqoqosho ngamazwe, kufuneka uzifundele ngemithetho ye-Incoterm, enokubaluleka ukusetyenziswa kwiikontraki zokuthengiswa kweempahla kumazwe ngamazwe.
Umzekelo, apha sixoxa ngokulungiselela i-invoyisi yeproforma usebenzisa enye yeemeko eziqhelekileyo, i-CNF, (jonga ngezantsi) oku kuthetha iindleko kunye nempahla - unembopheleleko yokuhlawula iindleko zokuthutha kunye nokuqokelela kumthengi wakho kamva.
Yonke imigaqo echazwe apha ngezantsi iya kuthintela amanani okugqibela ekungeniseni kwakho okanye kwi-quotation yokuthumela ngaphandle, kunye noxanduva lwakho lwemali lokuthunyelwa. Oku kulandelwayo kwincwadi yam, "Qala kwaye Uqhube I-Business Exporting Exporting," kodwa ndiyitshintshile ukuba ibonakalise kokungenisa nokuthunyelwa kunye nokuhlaziywa kwe-Incoterms.
I-CIF (indleko, i-inshorensi kunye nempahla): wena (umthengisi) unembopheleleko yokuhlawula iindleko kunye neendleko ze-inshurensi kwangaphambili. Uya kuqokelela oku kamva xa unikezela umthengi wakho. Umkhuba oqhelekileyo kukuqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa kwe-110% yexabiso layo le-CIF. Masithi uqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa kwi-Far East (eJapan, Korea, eTaiwan) ngesantya se-$ .6175 ngeyonke i-$ 100 (equka imfazwe kunye nayo yonke ingozi).
Ixabiso le-Invoyisi: $ 12,000.00
Ukurhweba: i-$ 1,200.00
UkuSula / Ukuphatha: $ 100.00
I-TOTAL: $ 13,300.00
I-110% ye-TOTAL: $ 14,630.00
UKUSEBENZA: $ 90.34
I-TOTAL YE-CIF: $ 14,720.34
Nantsi indlela ofika ngayo kwi-CIF iyonke: Yongeza ixabiso le-invoyisi (indleko), imithwalo, kunye neendleko zokuphatha / ukuphatha. Yandisa inani elipheleleyo ngama-110%, uze uhlukanise ngamashumi angama-100. Thatha isiphumo esiphumela kwaye uyilande nge $ .6175. Kule meko, umphumo wakho ngumrhumo wakho womshuwalense we-$ 90.34. Yongeza oku kwi-invoyisi yakho, imithwalo kunye nokusingatha inani le-14,630 yezigidi ze-CIF isamba esingu-14,720.34. Kukulungele ukwazi indlela oku kwenziwa ngayo, kodwa awuyi kuba neenkxalabo malunga nokubala okanye ukukhutshwa kwangempela kwesatifikethi ukuba usebenzisa umthumeli wempahla . Konke okufuneka ukwenze ukucela ingcali yezinto zokusebenza ukucaphula u-inshorensi yakho kwi-110% ye-CIF rate.
Imigaqo yoLwandle kunye noThutho lwamanzi oThutho
I-CNF / CFR (iindleko kunye nempahla): unembopheleleko yokuhlawula iindleko zeempahla kunye nokuqokelela kumthengi wakho kamva. Ngamanye amagama, isihloko seempahla, umngcipheko kunye ne-inshurensi idlulisela kumthengi xa sithunyelwa emkhombeni ngomthengisi. Umthengisi uhlawula iindleko zokuthutha ukuya kwindawo yokufika kuyo.
I-FAS (ikhululekile kunye nomkhumbi): wena (umthengisi) kufuneka wenze onke amalungiselelo okufumana impahla yeempahla, ekulungele ukulayishwa, kunye nokuhlawula zonke iindleko kweso sizathu.
Umthengi wakho (umthengi) uxanduva lweendleko zokulayisha impahla kwiinqanawa zothutho kwindawo echaziweyo.
I-FOB (ikhululekile ebhodini): wena (njengomthengi) kufuneka unakekele yonke iphepha kunye / okanye iindleko eziyimfuneko ( kubandakanywa no-inshurensi ) ukuqokelela impahla evela kumthengisi (umthengisi) kwaye uyifake kwi-carrier yenhlabathi.
Imigaqo yeNkqubo nayiphi na iMeko okanye iModare yeThutho
EX (Ex Factory, Ex Exitor okanye Ex Dock): Imigaqo eqala ngo-"EX" ibonisa ukuba intengo ecatshulwe kumthengi wakho isebenza kuphela kwindawo echaziweyo yemvelaphi (umbane okanye umbane wakho kumthengisi okanye i-dock kwindawo yokungenisa / yokuthumela) . Eli thuba lokuthunyelwa lithetha ukuba uyavuma ukubeka impahla ekukhutshweni komthengi kwindawo echaziweyo ngexesha elithile.
Eminye imiqathango yokurhweba: I-FCA yamahhala, i-CPT iRhafu yokuThuthwa, iCIP yokuThuthwa kunye ne-inshurensi ehlawulwayo kwaye i-DAT ikhutshwe kwi-Terminal -iyo zonke iinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo.
Ukuze kulungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa kokunyuka kwedatha ye- elektroniki (i-EDI), i- Incoterms iye yahlaziywa ukuze ibonise iindlela ezintsha zokuthumela ezifana nomphathi ohlawulwayo (CPT), ukuthutha kunye ne-inshurensi ehlawulwe kwi-CIP), enikelwe kumda (iDAF), ihanjiswa (i-DES), i-quay ex (umsebenzi ohlawulwayo) (DEQ), umsebenzi onikezelweyo ongenakuhlawulwa (DDU) kunye nohlawulelo oluhlawulelwayo (DDP). Qinisekisa ukuba ubuze ingcali yakho yezinto zokusebenza okanye umthumeli wezinto zokuthutha indlela nganye yeemvumelwano ezithintelana ngayo inokuchaphazela intlawulo ephezulu yokuthunyelwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwempahla yokuthunyelwa, okanye uqhagamshelane ne-ICC ukuze ufumane ukhokelo olongezelelweyo.
Okokugqibela, khumbula ukuba utshintsho oluthile kumagama lungabangela impembelelo enkulu kwi-contract yakho yokuthengisa yehlabathi jikelele kwaye ngokuqhelekanga ayisoloko ihamba ngendlela efanelekileyo. Ngoko xa wenza amaxabiso okucaphuna, qho nisela inguqulo epapashwe yamuva ye-Incoterms ukuphelisa naluphi na ukudideka okanye ingxabano ezayo.