Abathengisi abaninzi abazimeleyo bane-P & L ukusuka kumgcini-ncwadi okanye i-accountant; Nangona kunjalo, abahlaziyi idatha xa beyifumana; bavele bayifake kwi-drawer.
Kwabaninzi abathengisi endisebenza nabo, abakwaziyo ukufunda okanye ukutolika idatha.
Uhlobo lweSitekisi seP & L ngeSalath Sheet
I-P & L ibhekise ixesha elincinane kwiintsuku ezingama-30. Iphepha lokulinganisa , ngakolunye uhlangothi, lijonge ixesha elide ixesha eliqhelekileyo kwikota yekhalenda okanye ngonyaka. Iphepha lokulinganisa lilinganisa impilo yethu yezemali ngexesha leengxelo. I-P & L ingxelo yendlela oyenze ngayo ngexesha elithile. Ngokubambisana, la maxwebhu enze ingxelo zakho zezimali.
Amacandelo ahlukeneyo kwiNgxelo yeP & L
Umgca wokuqala kwi-P & L yakho yiRevenue. Oku kubonisa ukuthengiswa kwakho kwexesha elipheleleyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuthiwa yi "nomgca wokuphezulu" inombolo yincwadi yokuthengisa ngokuthe ngqo ngaphandle kokuncinci. Intengiso yeNtengiso ngumgca wokubonisa ukuthengiswa kwakho okwenyaniso njengoko utsala izinto ezifana nezaphulelo kunye nezinye iimpawu ezivela kumgca ophezulu.
Icandelo elilandelayo leP & L yiNdleko .
Kule candelo, lihlawula zonke iindleko zakho zokusebenzisa ivenkile. Ngokuqhelekileyo idilizwe kwiinqanaba okanye kwiibhakethi zeentlobo zeendleko. Umzekelo, Iindleko zeMpahla ezithengiswayo (i- COGS ) zibonisa oko ixabiso elikuhlawulelwayo ukuba ulifake kulo. Eli candelo liquka umthwalo kunye nayiphi na isaphulelo sokuthandana onokuyifumana kumthengisi.
Icandelo elilandelayo yiNdleko zokuSebenza (i-OPEX) eli lichaza izindleko ezifana nerenti, izibonelelo kunye nokuhlawula. Icandelo elilandelayo liNyantya. Le ntlawulo ixhobo zakho nezixhobo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa uthenga i-asethi, kufuneka uhlawule ixesha.
Cinga ngemoto yakho, xa uyithengela i-$ 30k iyaqala ukuhla kwezinga ukuba uthengise iminyaka emithathu kamva, unokufumana i-$ 18k kuphela. Kuyafana nevenkile yakho yokuthengisa. Inkqubo ye-POS oyihlawule i-$ 10k ayikufanelekanga i-$ 10k kwiminyaka emihlanu ukususela ngoku. Enyanisweni, nge teknoloji, akunakulungela nto!
EBIT ne-EBITDA
Inzuzo kwiP & L yakho apho ingadideka khona. Ngethuba lokuqala xa ubona eli lizwi, liza kubonakalisa iRhafu yeNgeniso yeNgeniso; Nangona kunjalo, sisadingeka sicinge ngamanye amagama. Umgcini-akhawunti wakho unokufumana iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu kwaye ubonise umgca obizwa ngokuba yiNzuzo phambi kweeTeksi (EBIT). Oku kubonisa ukuba isitolo sakho senziwe ngaphambi kokuba loo mali ityala.
Ukwenza kudideke ngakumbi (kungekhona ngokwenene, ngokuchanekileyo ngokuchanekileyo) umgca olandelayo ubizwa ngokuba yiNgeniso Ngaphambi kweNzala, Intlawulo, Ukuhlaziywa, kunye neMali (i-EBITDA). Lo mbono ngaphandle kweendleko zokunciphisa. Ekubeni ukuhla kwexabiso akuyiyo imali eyimali eyashiya i-akhawunti yakho, eli nani lichaneke ngokuchanekileyo ngempilo yebhizinisi lakho.
Inzala emveni kotsalo
Ekugqibeleni, sifika "kumgca wezantsi" kwaye sifunda Inzuzo Yenzuzo (ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yiNgeniso yeNtengiso.) Esi siphumo siphepha kuzo zonke ezi ngasentla. Le yinyani imali oyifumanayo ukuyibeka ephaketheni lakho njengomnini.
Ingeniso kunye neNdleko kunye nokuHlula kweMali
Nantsi inxalenye ephazamisayo yeP & Ls xa kuziwa ekusebenziseni ivenkile yakho yokuthengisa - bathetha ibali leengeniso kunye neendleko, kodwa kungabikho ukuhamba kwemali. Ukuhamba kwemali kukubalulekileyo ekuthengiseni. Kufuneka ukwazi ukuhlawula iindleko zakho ngenyanga. I-P & L iya kubonisa ukuba yintoni imali egcinwe ngayo ivenkile yakho, kodwa ukuba unemivuzo eninzi (iibill kubathengisi bakho ngokuthengisa) i-P & L ayiyi kubonakalisa loo nto.
Oku kubonakaliswe kwiSahluko seBhalance. Umzekelo, ukuba uthenge izicathulo ezi-1,000 zamaxabiso ezivela kumthengisi kwaye umthengisi wanikezela iintsuku eziyi- 90 zokuthandana (iintsuku ezingama-90 ukuyihlawula,) ukuthengiswa kwezi zihlangu kuza kubonisa kwimali engenayo.
Kodwa ekubeni awuzange uyihlawule i-bill, kodwa imali okhoyo ebhankini ekuthengiseni ayinako ukuhlawula ityala. Kwivenkile, imali yimali kunye ne-P & L ayikuxeleli ngemali.
Ngoko kumzekelo wokugqibela, i-Balance Sheet yakho iya kubonisa imali engenayo evela kwintengiso ibonakaliswe ngemali yakho ngesandla, kodwa kwakhona ityala omele uhlawule ngalo liboniswe kwiingxelo ezihlawulwayo. Nangona i-P & L yakho iyakubonisa ukuba wenze imali ekuthengiseni, i-Balance Sheet iya kubonisa ukuba unetyala lomthengisi kwaye ngoko kubonakala ngathi awufumananga imali-ubuncinci kungekhona - ekubeni ikhupha into oyenzayo.
Andikwazi ukukuxelela inani lamanye amaxesha ndibekwe phezu kwetafile kumthengisi owayengummangalisa ngale nto. I-P & L'yabo ethi bayayinzuzo, kodwa abayikwazi ukuhlawula iibhokhwe zabo. Ukulawula ukuhamba kwemali ngobulumko kwaye oku akusayi kwenzeka kuwe. Sebenzisa i-P & L ukuhlalutya ukusebenza kwakho, kodwa khumbula oko kukuxelela noko akukutshiyo.