Amashishini amancinci aphumelelanga kunye, kuquka amabhanki amancinci ayenze imali ebolekayo.
Emva kokunciphisa inkqubo yebhanki eyaqala ngawo-1980 kwaye yaqhubeka ngo-1990 kunye nasekupheleni kwekhulu elitsha, iibhanki zisebenza kwiinkqubo zezimali zase-US kunoko ngokukhululekile kwaye zingenakho ukulawula izinto ezinjengekratshi kunye nokukhwabanisa. Baqala ukwenza imali ebolekayo, ngokukodwa imali ebolekayo yokuboleka imali. Amabhanki, kuquka abo bachazwa njengeshishini elincinci, bathatha inxaxheba.
Isiphumo sasingenakupheka. Xa iinkampani zikhonza ngokwabo kunokuba zichaphazelekayo, ziyakuthi ziphumelele. Oku kuyinyaniso nokuba ingaba ishishini elikhulu okanye ishishini elincinci. Nayi imicimbi.
Siphila kuMbutho Wezentando-mali e-US
Ukuba ukhangele igama elithi capitalism , uya kufumanisa ukuba kuthetha ukuba siphila kuluntu olusekelwe kwinkqubo yezoqoqosho egxininisa ubunini bebucala beendlela zokuvelisa okanye uqoqosho olulawulwa ngasese.
Kwintlanga-capitalist, unemarike yamahhala kunye neenkampani ziphila ngentsusa yenzuzo. Zikhona ukwenza imali.
Iinkampani kwintlanga-ntlangano ikhona ukwenza imali kodwa yintoni enye indlela engcono yokuyenza loo nto? Siye sabona, ngokuwa kweWall Street, ukuba ubukratshi kunye nokukhwabanisa akwenzi nto, ubuncinane kungekudala.
Ubukrakra nobuqhetseba bungenza inzuzo yesikhatshane kwiinkampani ezinkulu kunye namancinci. Kodwa, ukuba iinkampani ziza kuhlala ziphila, inzuzo yesikhashana nje ayibalulekanga. Ukusebenza kwexesha elide ngumcimbi.
Oko kuphakamisa umbuzo wendlela ishishini, nokuba ibhizinisi elikhulu okanye elincinci, lihlala likwazi ukusebenza kwaye linamandla kwixesha elide? Impendulo ngukubanelisa abachaphazelekayo. Bani nje aba bachaphazelekayo? Ziyiqela elityalomali kwixesha elizayo le nkampani, nokuba ingaba ibhizinisi elikhulu okanye elincinci.
Abatyalomali okanye abaShishini
Elinye iqela labathathi-nxaxheba ngabaotyalo-mali kwiinkampani okanye kubanini-zimpahla. Ibhizinisi elincinci lingaba nabanamali-mali ngaphandle. Umtyalomali kuphela unokuba ngumnini. Ibhizinisi elincinci linokuba nomnini kunye nosapho kunye nabahlobo njengabatyalomali. Ngaphandle koko, ishishini elincinci lingafuna ingelosi okanye i -capital venture kunye ne-investors ngaphandle. Amashishini amaninzi phantse ahlale anesisitoreli.
Abanikazi bamashishini baye batyala imali yakho. Bafuna ukubuyela kuloo mali-mali. Wena, njengomnini-shishini lomncinci, unesibophelelo sokuzama ukubanika ingxelo ngokubuyisela imali. Ngexesha lokuhlaselwa kwiWall Street, sabona abagcini bempahla bafumana iindleko ezinkulu ngokulawula abasebenzi basebenzisa iindlela zobuqhetseba ekusebenziseni amashishini abo.
Abaninzi beemali zokugcina iimali ekugqibeleni balahlekelwa utyalo-mali lwabo kwezinye zee festile kuba iifemu zahluleka. Ngokucacileyo, oku akusiyo injongo yabanini-zimpahla.
Kwintlanga-ntlangano, amashishini amancinci kunye namashishini amakhulu kufuneka abe nenjongo yokukhulisa ubutyebi babanini bempahla yabo. Oko kuthetha ukuba ulawulo lwe-shishini elincinci kufuneka lithathe amanyathelo okwandisa intengo ye-stock yamashishini amancinci, ukuba kuthengiswa esidlangalaleni, okanye ukubuyela kumnini-mboleko, ukuba akunjalo. Ezi zenzo mazijoliswe kwixesha elide, kungekhona ixesha elifutshane.
Nasi umzekelo. Masithi ibhinqa lakho elincinci liziko elincinci lokuvelisa. Uvelisa umkhiqizo onokubangela ukungcola kwamanzi ngexesha lokuvelisa. Ukuba awuyikulawula ukuba ukungcola, kukuncinci ukuba uvelise umkhiqizo wakho kwaye unokuthembisa ukuba abanini-zimali bakho babuye babuyele kwixesha elifutshane.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ulawula ukucoceka kunye nokuthembisa amanzi ahlambulukileyo, kunokuhlawula ngaphezulu kwithuba elifutshane kunye nexesha elifutshane lokubuyiselwa kwembuyekezo, kodwa, kwixesha elide, ishishini lakho elincinci liya kuhlonishwa, liya kutsala ibhizinisi kunye nabatyalomali, kwaye abanini-zimpahla bakho baya kuzuza ixesha elide.
Abasebenzi njengabachaphazelekayo
Elinye iqela labachaphazelekayo kwishishini lakho elincinci ngabasebenzi bakho. Ibhizinisi elincinci linomthwalo kubasebenzi bayo. Bafanelwe ukuphathwa ngesahlonipho, inhlonipho kunye nokulingana. Ibhizinisi lakho elincinci kufuneka linike imisebenzi ephucula imeko yokuhlala yabasebenzi, ihloniphe impilo yabo, kwaye igweme nayiphi na indlela yokubandlulula.
Abasebenzi bayalimala xa ulawulo lwe shishini elincinci lingahambi ngokholo okanye alugcinanga imigangatho ephezulu malunga nokuziphatha kwemali . Xa iSitalato saseWall sichitha ngoSeptemba / Oktobha ka-2008, amashumi amawaka abasebenzi bezemali baphumelela emsebenzini. Oku kwaba yimiphumo eqhelekileyo yemisebenzi yobuqhetseba yabaqeshi babo. Le nto yanyuka phantsi koqoqosho kuze kube yilapho sifinyelele kwisantya sokungabikho kwemisebenzi esondele kwi-10%.
Uninzi lwabaqeshwa bezezimali kwiWall Street behlawulwa kakhulu. Oku ku nokuba kuhle kwixesha elifutshane. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, abanalo msebenzi kwaye abaninzi babo abanakuze bakwazi ukufumana umsebenzi kwintsimi yabo kwakhona.
Abaxhamli njengabachaphazelekayo
Ibhizinisi elincinci kufuneka liqwalasele isiseko sabathengi bayo njengabandakanyekayo. Abaxhasi, njengabasebenzi, kufuneka baphathwe ngenhlonipho nangesidima. Hlaliswa yimigaqo yezolawulo zoshishino . Ngaphandle kwabasebenzi kunye nabathengi, ishishini lakho elincinci aliyi kusebenza. Phatha amakhasimende akho ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ugcine izinga eliphezulu leenkonzo zabathengi. Kwi-economic recessionary, inkonzo yamakhasimende yinto enye eya kunceda ukugcina isiseko sakho somthengi.
Hlonipha abathengi bakho kuzo zonke iinkalo zoshishino lakho, kubandakanywa intengo yemveliso, ukuthengisa kunye nokuthengisa. Gcina ingcamango yabathengi bakho engqondweni. Emva kokuwa kweWall Street, abathengi abafuna iinkonzo zezemali baya kukhankanya kwaye banesibindi sokuthembela kumaziko emali. Ukuba ibhizinisi lakho elincinci liyinkampani yamancinci encinci okanye ibhanki, umzekelo, kuya kufuneka wenze yonke imizamo yokubambisa ukubuyela kumakhasimende akho.
UMbutho njengoPhatha
Ekubeni, kwintlanga-ntlangano, iindlela zokuvelisa zigcinwe ngasese kwiifemu zoshishino, uluntu ngokwawo luchaphazelekayo kumashishini amakhulu kunye amancinci. Amashishini amancinci, kunye namafemu amakhulu, kufuneka akhuthaze ubudlelwane obumanyeneyo phakathi koshishino kunye noorhulumente kunye naphakathi kwamashishini nakwezinye iindawo zoluntu. Kuxanduva lwabo bonke amashishini ukuba bazibophezele ekuphakamiseni umgangatho wokuphila nokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo. Amashishini amancinci kufuneka azame ukufaka isandla kwingingqi yawo kwaye abe ngabemi abalungileyo. Ngandlela-thile endleleni, iifenimali zezimali kwiWall Street zazilibala le nto ibaluleke kakhulu isifundo se-capitalism.
U mzekelo
Ukuwa kwembali kwenkqubo yethu yezoqoqosho ngokwenene kwaqala ngokukhawuleza nokungaphumeleli kweefestile ezifana ne-Enron. Inkampani yase-Enron yinkampani yamandla enamandla eyayixoshwa ngo-2001. Yasebenzisa abantu abangama-22 000 kwaye yayinabanikazi bamasheya angenakubalwa. Yawa ngenxa yesikhalazo se-accounting, okanye "ukupheka iincwadi," eqhutywe yenkampani yayo yokuphicothwa, u-Arthur Andersen, enye yeefayili zenkampani eziphambili kwi-US, eziye zawa. Amashumi amawaka abasebenzi abashiywe ngaphandle komsebenzi kwaye abaninzi abanini-nxaxheba bashiywe iphothifoliyo yomhlalaphantsi egcwele i-stock yase-Enron engenamsebenzi.
U-Enron yayiyinkqantosi enkulu kunazo zonke kwilizwe kwaze kwaba ngo-2008 kunye noLehman Brothers, i-Wall Street yeenkonzo ezinkulu zemali. ULehman wangena ngaphantsi ngenxa yee-mortgage ezenziwa phantsi kwee-1990s nakwiminyaka yokuqala ye-21. Ukutshatyalaliswa kweLehman Brothers kwaqalisa ukusebenza kwi-Wall Street. Ukukhusela ukungaphumeleli okukhulu kwezezimali, iBhodi yoLawulo lwe-Bush ihlanganisa ukukhutshwa kwemali enkulu, ebizwa nge-TARP, ukugcina uninzi lwezinye iibhanki ezinkulu zeWall Street.
Ukususela kokuwa kuka-2008, siye sahluleka kakhulu kwiinkampani zezezimali kunye nokuhluleka kwamanye amashishini. Ukungaphumeleli kungagcinwanga kuma shishini amakhulu. Amashishini amancinci anesabelo sabo sokungaphumeleli, ngokukodwa ngenxa yokunyuka kwezomnotho okubangelwa ukuwa kweWall Street kunye neengxaki zemboleko ezibangele.
Isishwankathelo
Indlela yodwa yokwenza ubukhulu becala kuphumelele ngoshishino ngalunye, ishishini elikhulu kunye neyeshishini elincinci, ukubhalisela imfundiso yemigaqo yezoqoqosho kunye nezoshishino. Ukuba ishishini lizama ukuthatha amancinci kwiingeniso, ziya kuphumelela ngexesha elide njengoko sibonile kwinqanaba lokuqala le-21 leminyaka. Ibhizinisi elincinci lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwizoqoqosho zaseMerika. Kungaba umehluko phakathi kwempumelelo kunye nokungaphumeleli koqoqosho lwethu kunye neenkqubo zemali.