Ummangali okanye ummangali kwi-Civil Lawsuit
Amagama athi "ummangali" kunye "nommangalelwa" abuyele kumaxesha adlulileyo, xa iimeko zesiXhosa eziqhelekileyo zenziwa. Igama elithi "ummangali" livela kwi-Old English ethi "utyhafile" okanye "inqabileyo" kwaye inengcambu efanayo "isikhalazo."
Ummangali ngumntu ozisa isigwebo enkundleni, ngokufaka isicelo okanye isikhalazo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kule mihla, kumacala omthetho, ummangalelwa udla ngokuba ngummangali.
Okokuthi, ummangali okanye ummangalelwa ngumntu ozisa ibango kumnye umntu. Ixesha elibambileyo lisetyenziswe kwiimeko zamatyala.
Elinye iqela elimangalelwa ngummangalelwa okanye ummangalelwa (lowo uphendulayo). Ummangalelwa ngumntu othethwa ngaye okanye umntu onikwe isikhalazo ngaye.
Abamangalelwa kwiiNkundla zoLuntu
Uninzi lwezobambiswano zorhwebo kunye nomthetho wabantu; oko kukuthi, elinye iqela elilethe icala malunga nelinye iqela. "Iqela" kule meko linokuba ngumntu okanye ishishini okanye intlangano (njengenhlangano engekho inzuzo).
Umthetho woLuntu usebenze ngokusweleka kweqela elinye ukwenza okuthile okanye ugweme ukwenza into ebangela umonakalo komnye umntu. Ngamanye amaxesha umxholo othiwa ukusebenza okwenziweyo . Okokuthi, ummangalelwa uyehlulekile ukwenza isenzo esithile.
Ngokomzekelo, ukuba elinye iqela (ummangalelwa) lihluleka ukuhlawula imali efunekayo kwelinye iqela (ummangali), ummangalelwa kufuneka ahambe enkundleni ukuze abuyele imali leyo.
Indlela uMmangalelwa ngayo amaFayile kwi-Lawsuit
Ukuqala isetyala, ummangalelwa kufuneka afake isikhalazo kunye ne- samani kwinkundla efanele. Lawa maxwebhu amabini ahlukeneyo. Isikhalazo sibeka izizathu zesigwebo ngokuchaza into eyenziwa ngummangalelwa (ukuphulwa kwemvumelwano, umzekelo).
I-samani ibeka iimfuno ezithile zenye iqela ukuba liphendule.
Ngamanye amaxesha impendulo ibhaliweyo, ngelixa ngamanye ama-summons aya kuvela enkundleni ( kwinkantolo yamabango amancinci , umzekelo).
La maxwebhu, kunye namanye amaxwebhu acwangcisa ityala lommangalelwa, abizwa ngokuthi "ukuncenga." Icala livela kulezi zenzo.
Umthwalo weNgqungquthela yoMmangali kwiiNkundla zoLuntu
Kwimeko zombini kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho, ummangali unomthwalo wobungqina. Ummangali ufuneka ukuba aqinisekise ukuba icala lakhe liyinyaniso, kumgangatho ophantsi. Oku kunengqiqo, kuba ummangali yinkampani ezisa le ntlawulo enkundleni, ngoko kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba kutheni i-suit kufanele ivezwe kwaye kutheni ibango lakhe lichanekile.
Kwiimeko zomntu, umthwalo wobubungqina ubizwa ngokuthi "ukuxhomekeka kobungqina." Ngokungafaniyo kwiimeko zobugebengu, apho umthwalo wobubungqina "ungathandabuzekiyo," ukuxhomekeka kobungqina kunzima kunzima ukufaka ubungqina. Eli gama libhekisela kwisisindo sobubungqina, kungekhona isixa. Ubungqina bubekwe ngumgwebi okanye ijaji kwaye nayiphi na icala elinobubungqina obukholisayo, ubuninzi obunokuba lunyanisekileyo, linikezelwa isigwebo.
Kwimeko ekhethekileyo yoMthwalo weNgcaciso yabaBalayo
Kwiinkoliso ezininzi zerhafu, i-IRS ngummangali kunye nomntu ngamnye okanye umrhafi werhwebo ngummangalelwa.
Kodwa kwimeko yeNkundla yeNtlawulo, umrhumi werhafu ngamnye ngummangali kunye ne-IRS ngummangalelwa. Kungenxa yokuba
Ukusetyenziswa kakubi: Igama elithi "intlekele" alilona igama elifanayo "nommangali," nangona banengcambu efanayo. Ukulahlwa kuthetha ukubuhlungu okanye ukulila, njengengoma yomculo.